It's certain possible for the front-end boost converter to fail overtime allowing it to remain functional and provide sufficient DC rail voltage on 277v, but not able to provide boost on 120v and fail to operate. Failed front-end should be obvious by measuring power factor. If its not registering >0.90 PF, it means the active PFC front end failed.
It's not like an older computers that used 115/230 switch to disable/enable voltage doubler (doubler used with 120v to get 340v DC bus, disabled on 240v to get 340v w/o doubler). If ballasts employed a fusible link or similar to make this switch, it will be stated in the instruction that once used on higher voltage, it can not be used again on lower voltage.