So that section doesn't permit just taking an equipment ground from the nearest box, it says you have to go all the way back to the panel or the grounding electrode, correct?
2008 NEC
250.130 Equipment Grounding Conductor Connections.
. . . For replacement of non?grounding-type receptacles with grounding-type receptacles and for branch-circuit extensions only in existing installations that do not have an equipment grounding conductor in the branch circuit, connections shall be permitted as indicated in 250.130(C).
If there is no EGC (equipment grounding conductor) in the branch circuit, going to the nearest box won't help.
The new grounding type receptacle ground terminal must have an EGC that is electrically continuous, assembled out of the choices listed in 250.118, which goes all the way back to one of the choices in 250.130(C).
If the occupancy has a mixture of branch circuits / feeder circuits where some contain intact EGCs and others do not, one can make use of the existing, nearby EGC, that is connected to the choices in 250.130(C), if in compliance with 250.122.