Which criteria are the same?
I agree that there is a mathematical definition of phase that is authoritative. I'm not sure I agree that when you add prepositions and qualifiers to create larger phrases that the meaning of such phrases remains authoritative, even in mathematics. You asked about 'in phase' and 'of the same phase', but you could just as easily have asked about 'belonging to a phase', or 'having a phase' or 'defining a phase', or 'relating to a phase' and so on
ad infinitum. Do they all have the same criteria? I submit that the question is philosophical, not mathematical, and that it is furthermore a pretty useless branch of philosophy.
Further I would submit that in the electrical industry the meaning of 'phase' has relatively little to do with phase math. The difference between a three-phase and a single phase power source has to do with the number of wires involved, rather than the values of mathematical functions that describe alternating current.
Which technical meanings?
My initial point in this thread is that in the electrical industry we have a
technical use of 'phase' that is not reducible to the mathematical definition of phase. (We use it, more or less, to mean alternating-current power between two ungrounded conductors.) If you mean mathematical phase, then say mathematical.