110vac 1phs motor.

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For even less risk to the motor, an incand. bulb in series with the supply voltage makes a current limited power source.
One of these 500 W shop lights is probably large enough, and for smaller motors even 100 W might be enough to get it spinning.

If you mix up the hot and neutral leads the motor insulation may not last as long but I can't find a link to prove or disprove this.

The motor does not care about the polarity of the supply and will operate just fine connected either way. The insulation on the windings is the same at all points and will not suffer any damage either. Polarity only makes a difference in risk of exposure to people and is more of a concern in things like the controller - especially if only a single pole controller.
 
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