Think of the cable and receptacle as rated for steady state usage (not surge usage.) Just like your generator is rated for 10.5kW (
240V@43.75A) steady state usage, your cable and receptacle are basically rated for 12kW (240@50A). Now, your generator may support 13kW (
240V@54.2A) under surge conditions, but so will your cable and receptacle. That is only an 8-1/3% overcurrent, and only for a short period.
IOW, your 50A rated equipment is fine for your generator. As shown above, your cable and receptacle are rated higher than your generator. (50A vs 43.75A) You don't have to cable the system for surge requirements, you cable for steady state requirements. I mean, in a factory, you wire motors for their FLA (Full Load Amperage), even though you know the startup current can be up to 10x the FLA. The short term surges in current may cause the wire to heat up, but it won't OVER heat, unless it continues beyond surge time timeframes, and that's what breakers and fuses are there to protect against. (Just like in your generator.)
In summary, your 50A cable and receptacle are fine for your application.