It is an almost non-existent combination developed by the breaker manufacturer's to help limit the penetration of receptacle AFCI devices. Testing shows that under the conditions, given in that rule, a standard breaker in combination with an receptacle AFCI device provides the required protection.
This rule was to go away in the 2017 code, as there were no listed combinations of that type then. The rule was kept in the code by a vote on a motion at the NFPA annual meeting. When you look to the vote count, you find that substantially more people voted on that motion, than on any other NEC amending motion at that meeting. It appears that some interest group sent people to the meeting to vote on that motion. Shades of Indian Head V Allied tube, which resulted in a rule that says you have to be a NFPA member for at least 6 months before you can vote on things at the NFPA meeting. The voting on the issue that resulted in Indian Head V Allied Tube, kept article "Article 362 Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing: Type ENT" out of the code for a full code cycle.