3 phase voltage drop

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Advantages of a Y-Y transformer

Advantages of a Y-Y transformer

This post got my curiosity boiling so I starting doing a little digging as the transformer in the OP appeared to be Y connected primary.From the attached quote copy, I guess thats right, as it would keep things in line to help the inverter do it's thing without disruption IMO.

Another thing about this post was the word "combiner" kinda gave me fits but it turned out to be what I thought just a simple old bus box with multiple input sources and one output source.(I guess theret could be more than one output if there was any inverter capacity left over :).

Advantage of Y-Y Connection:

No Phase Displacement: The primary and secondary circuits are in phase; i.e., there are no phase angle displacements introduced by the Y-Y connection. This is an important advantage when transformers are used to interconnect systems of different voltages in a cascading manner. For example, suppose there are four systems operating at 800, 440, 220, and 66 kV that need to be interconnected. Substations can be constructed using Y-Y transformer connections to interconnect any two of these voltages. The 800 kV systems can be tied with the 66 kV systems through a single 800 to 66 kV transformation or through a series of cascading transformations at 440,220 and 66 kV.
Required Few Turns for winding: Due to star connection, phase voltages is (1/√3) times the line voltage. Hence less number of turns is required. Also the stress on insulation is less. This makes the connection economical for small high voltage purposes.
Required Less Insulation Level: If the neutral end of a Y-connected winding is grounded, then there is an opportunity to use reduced levels of insulation at the neutral end of the winding. A winding that is connected across the phases requires full insulation throughout the winding.
Handle Heavy Load: Due to star connection, phase current is same as line current. Hence windings have to carry high currents. This makes cross section of the windings high. Thus the windings are mechanically strong and windings can bear heavy loads and short circuit current.
Use for Three phases Four Wires System:As neutral is available, suitable for three phases four wire system.
Eliminate Distortion in Secondary Phase Voltage: The connection of primary neutral to the neutral of generator eliminates distortion in the secondary phase voltages by giving path to triple frequency currents toward to generator.
Sinusoidal voltage on secondary side: Neutral give path to flow Triple frequency current to flow Generator side thus sinusoidal voltage on primary will give sinusoidal voltage on secondary side.
Used as Auto Transformer: A Y-Y transformer may be constructed as an autotransformer, with the possibility of great cost savings compared to the two-winding transformer construction.
Better Protective Relaying: The protective relay settings will be protecting better on the line to ground faults when the Y-Y transformer connections with solidly grounded neutrals are applied.

The Old Man
 
I'd like to give more specific answers but the numbers seem to be jumping all over the place. Do you have an exact make and model number of the inverter(s) so we can look the spec's up on the web. Also the number of inverters... Your OP said six... further down you said three.... :slaphead:
Sorry if I contradicted myself somewhere, but the problem is still as stated in the OP. The inverters are (5) REFUsol 020k inverters and (1) REFUsol 012k inverter. The distance from the combiner to the T'former is 205' and the distances of the inverter vary from right next to it to 375' away.

But I had an epiphany last night. The real issue is power loss in the conductors, and since the current from the inverters is a virtual constant, a 0.5% voltage drop equates to a 0.5% power loss. The power loss is a simpler calculation and the voltage doesn't matter. Figuring on 0.25% power loss in the conductors between the combiner and the T'former (I will allocate the other 0.25% to the inverter to combiner runs):

D = 205'
I per conductor = 135A
Max AC power = 112kW

What resistance will limit loss to a combined 0.25% in the three CCC's when the system is running at full power?

(.0025)(112000)/3 = 93.3W loss per conductor
R = P/I^2 = (93W)/(135A)^2 = 0.00512 ohms/205' = 0.025 ohms/1000'

From Table 9 for uncoated copper in steel conduit, it will take 600kcmil or parallel runs of 300kcmil.
 
a 0.5% voltage drop equates to a 0.5% power loss.

In general this is not true since power varies as V2/R and is obviously not true if the drop is due to line inductance... However, if you really want no more than 0.5% power dissipated (loss), your rationale looks correct and you need to total entire system as smart$ stated.

My question is why the 0.5%... I realize it probably shouldn't be 5% but why not 1% or 0.25%...?
 
If you want to limit power loss to 0.5%, you should also calculate losses from inverters to combiner and for the xfmr, too.

... your rationale looks correct and you need to total entire system as smart$ stated.

...
The xfmr secondary is likely not the point of use, so there is additional loss on the secondary side.

My question is why the 0.5%... I realize it probably shouldn't be 5% but why not 1% or 0.25%...?
I too question this limit. 560W loss on a 112kW system seems extremely low.
 
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In general this is not true since power varies as V2/R and is obviously not true if the drop is due to line inductance... However, if you really want no more than 0.5% power dissipated (loss), your rationale looks correct and you need to total entire system as smart$ stated.

My question is why the 0.5%... I realize it probably shouldn't be 5% but why not 1% or 0.25%...?
The number came from a request from my boss and may not be in the final design. We are scrounging for Watts because of what was sold to the customer. 'Nuff said.
 
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In general this is not true since power varies as V2/R and is obviously not true if the drop is due to line inductance... However, if you really want no more than 0.5% power dissipated (loss), your rationale looks correct and you need to total entire system as smart$ stated.
Yeah, I left out an "approximately" there. Sorry. The 0.5% loss goal is from the inverters to the transformer, and the inverters are at widely varying distances from the combiner. If I look at this as a power loss problem rather than a voltage drop problem and I am willing to accept a little bit of imprecision (which is OK because I am a long way from minimum conductor size), then it's a lot simpler.
 
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