megloff11x
Senior Member
If you ever find yourself with a customer who is unafraid of trial lawyers (doesn't want to pay for properly listed equipment) and he's in a spot where state & local law is silent on the matter, refer him to OSHA & Federal law.
Note also that OSHA has issued several related opinions. Among them, "approved" means tested and approved by one of the NRTLs accepted by OSHA for such testing (i.e. UL, CSA, etc.), and not Joe Bob's bargain certifications.
Note also that there are outs for setting up custom equipment, and for equipment no one will list, and doing your own approval, but it is involved.
I don't think the gummint will get mad for copying the regs below:
Regulations (Standards - 29 CFR)
Hazardous (classified) locations. - 1910.307
________________________________________
Regulations (Standards - 29 CFR) - Table of Contents
________________________________________
? Part Number: 1910
? Part Title: Occupational Safety and Health Standards
? Subpart: S
? Subpart Title: Electrical
? Standard Number: 1910.307
? Title: Hazardous (classified) locations.
________________________________________
1910.307(a)
Scope. This section covers the requirements for electric equipment and wiring in locations which are classified depending on the properties of the flammable vapors, liquids or gases, or combustible dusts or fibers which may be present therein and the likelihood that a flammable or combustible concentration or quantity is present. Hazardous (classified) locations may be found in occupancies such as, but not limited to, the following: aircraft hangars, gasoline dispensing and service stations, bulk storage plants for gasoline or other volatile flammable liquids, paint-finishing process plants, health care facilities, agricultural or other facilities where excessive combustible dusts may be present, marinas, boat yards, and petroleum and chemical processing plants. Each room, section or area shall be considered individually in determining its classification. These hazardous (classified) locations are assigned six designations as follows:
Class I, Division 1 Class I, Division 2 Class II, Division 1 Class II, Division 2 Class III, Division 1 Class III, Division 2
For definitions of these locations see 1910.399(a). All applicable requirements in this subpart shall apply to hazardous (classified) locations, unless modified by provisions of this section.
1910.307(b)
Electrical installations. Equipment, wiring methods, and installations of equipment in hazardous (classified) locations shall be intrinsically safe, approved for the hazardous (classified) location, or safe or for the hazardous (classified) location. Requirements for each of these options are as follows:
..1910.307(b)(1)
1910.307(b)(1)
Intrinsically safe. Equipment and associated wiring approved as intrinsically safe shall be permitted in any hazardous (classified) location for which it is approved.
1910.307(b)(2)
Approved for the hazardous (classified) location.
1910.307(b)(2)(i)
Equipment shall be approved not only for the class of location but also for the ignitable or combustible properties of the specific gas, vapor, dust, or fiber that will be present.
Note: NFPA 70, the National Electrical Code, lists or defines hazardous gases, vapors, and dusts by "Groups" characterized by their ignitable or combustible properties.
1910.307(b)(2)(ii)
Equipment shall be marked to show the class, group, and operating temperature or temperature range, based on operation in a 40 degrees C ambient, for which it is approved. The temperature marking may not exceed the ignition temperature of the specific gas or vapor to be encountered. However, the following provisions modify this marking requirement for specific equipment:
1910.307(b)(2)(ii)(A)
Equipment of the non-heat-producing type, such as junction boxes, conduit, and fittings, and equipment of the heat-producing type having a maximum temperature not more than 100 degrees C (212 degrees F) need not have a marked operating temperature or temperature range.
1910.307(b)(2)(ii)(B)
Fixed lighting fixtures marked for use in Class I, Division 2 locations only, need not be marked to indicate the group.
..1910.307(b)(2)(ii)(C)
1910.307(b)(2)(ii)(C)
Fixed general-purpose equipment in Class I locations, other than lighting fixtures, which is acceptable for use in Class I, Division 2 locations need not be marked with the class, group, division, or operating temperature.
1910.307(b)(2)(ii)(D)
Fixed dust-tight equipment, other than lighting fixtures, which is acceptable for use in Class II, Division 2 and Class III locations need not be marked with the class, group, division, or operating temperature.
1910.307(b)(3)
Safe for the hazardous (classified) location. Equipment which is safe for the location shall be of a type and design which the employer demonstrates will provide protection from the hazards arising from the combustibility and flammability of vapors, liquids, gases, dusts, or fibers.
Note: The National Electrical Code, NFPA 70, contains guidelines for determining the type and design of equipment and installations which will meet this requirement. The guidelines of this document address electric wiring, equipment, and systems installed in hazardous (classified) locations and contain specific provisions for the following: wiring methods, wiring connections; conductor insulation, flexible cords, sealing and drainage, transformers, capacitors, switches, circuit breakers, fuses, motor controllers, receptacles, attachment plugs, meters, relays, instruments, resistors, generators, motors, lighting fixtures, storage battery charging equipment, electric cranes, electric hoists and similar equipment, utilization equipment, signaling systems, alarm systems, remote control systems, local loud speaker and communication systems, ventilation piping, live parts, lightning surge protection, and grounding. Compliance with these guidelines will constitute one means, but not the only means, of compliance with this paragraph.
1910.307(c)
Conduits. All conduits shall be threaded and shall be made wrench-tight. Where it is impractical to make a threaded joint tight, a bonding jumper shall be utilized.
1910.307(d)
Equipment in Division 2 locations. Equipment that has been approved for a Division 1 location may be installed in a Division 2 location of the same class and group. General-purpose equipment or equipment in general-purpose enclosures may be installed in Division 2 locations if the equipment does not constitute a source of ignition under normal operating conditions.
[46 FR 4056, Jan. 16, 1981; 46 FR 40185, Aug. 7, 1981]
Note also that OSHA has issued several related opinions. Among them, "approved" means tested and approved by one of the NRTLs accepted by OSHA for such testing (i.e. UL, CSA, etc.), and not Joe Bob's bargain certifications.
Note also that there are outs for setting up custom equipment, and for equipment no one will list, and doing your own approval, but it is involved.
I don't think the gummint will get mad for copying the regs below:
Regulations (Standards - 29 CFR)
Hazardous (classified) locations. - 1910.307
________________________________________
Regulations (Standards - 29 CFR) - Table of Contents
________________________________________
? Part Number: 1910
? Part Title: Occupational Safety and Health Standards
? Subpart: S
? Subpart Title: Electrical
? Standard Number: 1910.307
? Title: Hazardous (classified) locations.
________________________________________
1910.307(a)
Scope. This section covers the requirements for electric equipment and wiring in locations which are classified depending on the properties of the flammable vapors, liquids or gases, or combustible dusts or fibers which may be present therein and the likelihood that a flammable or combustible concentration or quantity is present. Hazardous (classified) locations may be found in occupancies such as, but not limited to, the following: aircraft hangars, gasoline dispensing and service stations, bulk storage plants for gasoline or other volatile flammable liquids, paint-finishing process plants, health care facilities, agricultural or other facilities where excessive combustible dusts may be present, marinas, boat yards, and petroleum and chemical processing plants. Each room, section or area shall be considered individually in determining its classification. These hazardous (classified) locations are assigned six designations as follows:
Class I, Division 1 Class I, Division 2 Class II, Division 1 Class II, Division 2 Class III, Division 1 Class III, Division 2
For definitions of these locations see 1910.399(a). All applicable requirements in this subpart shall apply to hazardous (classified) locations, unless modified by provisions of this section.
1910.307(b)
Electrical installations. Equipment, wiring methods, and installations of equipment in hazardous (classified) locations shall be intrinsically safe, approved for the hazardous (classified) location, or safe or for the hazardous (classified) location. Requirements for each of these options are as follows:
..1910.307(b)(1)
1910.307(b)(1)
Intrinsically safe. Equipment and associated wiring approved as intrinsically safe shall be permitted in any hazardous (classified) location for which it is approved.
1910.307(b)(2)
Approved for the hazardous (classified) location.
1910.307(b)(2)(i)
Equipment shall be approved not only for the class of location but also for the ignitable or combustible properties of the specific gas, vapor, dust, or fiber that will be present.
Note: NFPA 70, the National Electrical Code, lists or defines hazardous gases, vapors, and dusts by "Groups" characterized by their ignitable or combustible properties.
1910.307(b)(2)(ii)
Equipment shall be marked to show the class, group, and operating temperature or temperature range, based on operation in a 40 degrees C ambient, for which it is approved. The temperature marking may not exceed the ignition temperature of the specific gas or vapor to be encountered. However, the following provisions modify this marking requirement for specific equipment:
1910.307(b)(2)(ii)(A)
Equipment of the non-heat-producing type, such as junction boxes, conduit, and fittings, and equipment of the heat-producing type having a maximum temperature not more than 100 degrees C (212 degrees F) need not have a marked operating temperature or temperature range.
1910.307(b)(2)(ii)(B)
Fixed lighting fixtures marked for use in Class I, Division 2 locations only, need not be marked to indicate the group.
..1910.307(b)(2)(ii)(C)
1910.307(b)(2)(ii)(C)
Fixed general-purpose equipment in Class I locations, other than lighting fixtures, which is acceptable for use in Class I, Division 2 locations need not be marked with the class, group, division, or operating temperature.
1910.307(b)(2)(ii)(D)
Fixed dust-tight equipment, other than lighting fixtures, which is acceptable for use in Class II, Division 2 and Class III locations need not be marked with the class, group, division, or operating temperature.
1910.307(b)(3)
Safe for the hazardous (classified) location. Equipment which is safe for the location shall be of a type and design which the employer demonstrates will provide protection from the hazards arising from the combustibility and flammability of vapors, liquids, gases, dusts, or fibers.
Note: The National Electrical Code, NFPA 70, contains guidelines for determining the type and design of equipment and installations which will meet this requirement. The guidelines of this document address electric wiring, equipment, and systems installed in hazardous (classified) locations and contain specific provisions for the following: wiring methods, wiring connections; conductor insulation, flexible cords, sealing and drainage, transformers, capacitors, switches, circuit breakers, fuses, motor controllers, receptacles, attachment plugs, meters, relays, instruments, resistors, generators, motors, lighting fixtures, storage battery charging equipment, electric cranes, electric hoists and similar equipment, utilization equipment, signaling systems, alarm systems, remote control systems, local loud speaker and communication systems, ventilation piping, live parts, lightning surge protection, and grounding. Compliance with these guidelines will constitute one means, but not the only means, of compliance with this paragraph.
1910.307(c)
Conduits. All conduits shall be threaded and shall be made wrench-tight. Where it is impractical to make a threaded joint tight, a bonding jumper shall be utilized.
1910.307(d)
Equipment in Division 2 locations. Equipment that has been approved for a Division 1 location may be installed in a Division 2 location of the same class and group. General-purpose equipment or equipment in general-purpose enclosures may be installed in Division 2 locations if the equipment does not constitute a source of ignition under normal operating conditions.
[46 FR 4056, Jan. 16, 1981; 46 FR 40185, Aug. 7, 1981]