I guess I will chime in:grin:
Even here, an attic can get very hot in the summer, all class 2 transformers in the last 15 to 20 years have a thermo-fuse that is wound right in the primary windings, and the extra heat in the attic can cause this fuse to open very easily, I have had to relocate and replace quite a few transformers located in attics, the best install I found was a extra deep single gain plastic nail on that had a plate with a 1/2" KO that fit inside the box, the transformer mounted to this plate in the KO and the door bell chime mounted right over it, kind of like the one posted, but around here even though its a violation of 422.12 as pointed out, its very common to find the transformer on the switch box of the furnace, the inspectors around here feel it doesn't add enough current to the circuit to cause any problems, and they would rather see it in an readily accessible place then in attics or basements or even inside of a panel where it was once common to find it.
I did get one inspector who red tagged it on the furance switch once but he didn't even cite 422.12 as the reason, he cited it because of the expose 10 volt terminals, said a child could get shocked, showed his boss the tag and he told him to never tag a job for this again.
As far as finding the transformer after the fact, my trusty GreenLee circuit tracer finds them every time, I can follow the conductors from the chime or the door switch.
as far as the battery ones go, I have this on the house I own now, and I have replaced the battery's twice in 3 years, I do have three chimes which is great, because with insulated inside walls for sound, you would not hear the chime in all places, so there is one in the upstairs hall, one in the downstairs hall, and one I can move around to places like my back deck if I'm expecting someone, but the battery's can get expensive to replace in all three, and that little 12 volt in the button is ridiculously costly and only last about a year with the led light in the button.