Standard mounting heights for receptacle and switch locations are not specified by the NEC. In the However in the Handbook, the Informational Note in 110.12 Mechanical Execution of Work refers to the ANSI/NECA 1-2015 Standard for Good Workmanship in Electrical Construction. (I only have the 2006 edition.) Page 16, shows typical mounting heights for receptacles and wall switches at 18 inches and 48 inches, respectively. It also says that outlet mounting heights are measured from the finished floor to the centerline of the device.
So while not specified by Code, mounting heights are specified by a Standard which is referenced in the Handbook.