There's nothing in the NEC code that says it can't be on the receptacle circuit. 700 is for emergency systems, which is defined in 700.2. Does your installation fall within article 700?
Presuming that it does not, if its an exit sign with emergency lighting also, it would need to be on the same circuit as the interior lighting of the space to meet the requirements of NFPA 101 7.9.2.1.; that is if the sign is in an area that requires it.