excitation:
excitation:
The electron is excited to a higher than normal energy level by external EM fields, high frequency, high voltage, or high current. The electron does not need to be ionized for this to happen. Non ionizing EM radiation raises the bound electron's energy level.
When the electron falls back to its normal, balanced energy level it gives off a balancing photon (conservation of energy). This photon is typically UV and the tubes phosphor coating or HID lamp's gas envelope converts UV to visible light.
Parameters are adjusted to accomplish this more efficiently, higher frequency, higher voltage, or excitation by a nearby plasma arc. Arcs contain a wide high frequency range of EM. The excited atom or molecule is chosen to give off useful (illuminating) photons.
This phenomena is also the basis of mass spectrometers. Each element or molecule, when it is excited to emit photons, the photons have characteristic identifying frequency or energy, a characteristic distribution of photon emission at particular frequencies.