Had an interesting problem today..

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sparky 134

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Joliet, IL
We went to an industrial facility to install one additional high bay fixture. The fixture is a 1000watt MH, 480volt.

So we pipe the raceway, pull the wire, hang the fixture and I went back to the electrical room to turn off the 2p20amp CB that is feeding the existing circuit we are tapping into.

I returned and told the guy I was working with the power was off and to go ahead and make the splice. He pulls out his meter and says, "This is still hot up here."

But the existing lights on this circuit went off when I turned the CB off. This doesn't make sense. So he brings the lift down and I go up to see what's going on. Sure enough all four wires in the box are still showing 277v to ground. We had a brown, orange, yellow and orange coming into the box. The brown and one orange were taped together and the yellow and the other orange were taped together. All four wires were showing 277v.

So we go back to the panel and meter the load side of the CB that is off. We're reading 277v on both phases to ground. So now I think the orange wires are crossed somewhere and the CB is being backfed. So I turn off the CB that was hooked up to the orange and yellow network but I'm still reading 277v to ground on the original CB and the second CB we turned off.

So we trace the wires inside the panel down to the pipe they are leaving the panel in and we see that are three single phase networks in the same pipe (brown & orange, yellow & brown, orange & yellow).

I turn off the third CB and finally all six wires are showing 0 volts. Somewhere before the box we are working in the networks have gotten mis-spliced thus causing all of the backfeed problems. I believe the CB's are being backfed thru the ballast in the high bays. These fixtures have been operating this way for years.

After turning off three CB's we left about 1/4 of the building in the dark so we couldn't finish correcting the problem. We are scheduled to return on Friday to finish correcting the problem.

It's a good thing my partner remembered to meter the wires before attempting his splices.
 
sparky 134 said:
It's a good thing my partner remembered to meter the wires before attempting his splices.

That's the moral of the story. Trust nothing or no one....always test, even when it seems silly to.
 
That kind of crap happens all the time when more than one full boat is in a pipe. It's just a matter of carelessness or not paying attention. Along a similar theme, you'll sometimes find a burned neutral on the neutral bar in the panel because somebody got mixed up which one was which somewhere along the line and overloaded it. I guess some of the new 2008 rules will help with that... if the installers actually do it right. There's still no guarantees.

Kodos to your buddy for pulling out his meter.
 
sparky 134 said:
He pulls out his meter and says, "This is still hot up here."
What kind of meter did he use? If it's a typical voltmeter, he's reading induced, or 'phantom' voltage. That's why I like using a solenoid tester: it loads the circuit enough to eliminate the induced voltage.

You can make sure there are no mis-wirings by simply seeing which lights are on when only one breaker is on at one time. If you don't have to turn on more than one for any lights to work, there's no mixup.
 
LarryFine said:
What kind of meter did he use? If it's a typical voltmeter, he's reading induced, or 'phantom' voltage. That's why I like using a solenoid tester: it loads the circuit enough to eliminate the induced voltage.

You can make sure there are no mis-wirings by simply seeing which lights are on when only one breaker is on at one time. If you don't have to turn on more than one for any lights to work, there's no mixup.

He did use a solenoid tester. I think the reason the problem was not noticed before is because the high bays do not start up instantly. Multiple CB's are turned on at the same time to start up the high bays.
 
sparky 134 said:
He did use a solenoid tester. I think the reason the problem was not noticed before is because the high bays do not start up instantly. Multiple CB's are turned on at the same time to start up the high bays.
So start with them on, and kill one breaker at a time. You should not have to turn off more than one breaker to extinguish any fixture. If you have to wait for restrike to test the next breaker, so be it.
 
After spending a considerable amount of time tracing out the wiring we ultimately figured out how the backfeed was occuring. The modular wiring system that connects to the 1900 box is a 5 conductor greenfield style 'whip'. You have 1 ground and four ungrounded conductors. When you need to attach a fixture to the modular system you install a T fitting which allows you to tap into the circuit. The plug on the end of the cord that eminates from the fixture has three pins, 1 ground and two ungrounded conductors.

So, the pins on the end of the fixture cord are adjustable. If you slide the pins to position 1 & 2 you will be tapping into the first 480volt circuit. If you slide the pins to position 3 & 4 you will be tapping into the second 480 volt circuit. When a fixture would die the maintenance department would simply remove the dead fixture and plug in a new fixture. What they failed to do was verify the placement of the pins. Several fixtures were pinned out for pins 1 & 3 thus the fixture was getting 277v from pin 1 and 277v from pin 3. Pins 1 & 2 are fed from a 2pole breaker, pins 3 & 4 are fed from a different 2pole breaker.

After correctly pinning the fixture cord plugs to the correct pins the problem went away. This was a new one on me.
 
Doesn't exactly sound like a foolproof system. Not very well thought out and ultimately dangerous. Especially if the maintenance department are not trained electricians.
 
On the business side; before you do anything else, make sure you have a signed work change order that says you will be paid for your additional work on a T&M basis to correct the hazardous situation, and make sure it is clear to the Owner that this was not part of the original scope of work.
 
i find this in a lot of circuits, that were wired pre 1960's, and we are removing and installing only power for lighting, one breaker to a light
 
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