How Did The NEC Become What it is Today?

[hurk27]

Re: How Did The NEC Become What it is Today?

How Did The NEC Become What it is Today?

OK Iwire I have the answer:

1. Allot of house fires
2. Allot of electrocutions
3' Allot of deaths
this is how the NEC became what it is today.

How about that answer?

[ September 21, 2003, 02:32 AM: Message edited by: hurk27 ]

 

[joe tedesco]

Re: How Did The NEC Become What it is Today?

......................

[ September 22, 2003, 12:39 AM: Message edited by: joe tedesco ]

 

[joe tedesco]

Re: How Did The NEC Become What it is Today?

Other than that it's still mostly as primitive as ever

../Wayne C.

Please explain this comment in more detail?

 

[joe tedesco]

Re: How Did The NEC Become What it is Today?

Bennie, please expand on this statment, what exactly do you mean?

When comparing the 1965 to the 1999 code, there is no big change that revolutionized the industry. Most of the added pages are charts, that no one uses anyway.

 

[iwire]

Re: How Did The NEC Become What it is Today?

Originally posted by hurk27:
1. Allot of house fires
2. Allot of electrocutions
3' Allot of deaths
this is how the NEC became what it is today.

How about that answer?

Well that to me is Why not How.

As I have said IMO the NEC has gone beyond the original intent, as in the issue of rubber cords on appliances like Charlie brought up.


Bob

 

[iwire]

Re: How Did The NEC Become What it is Today?

Ryan thank you for the very kind words, I do not know if you want associate yourself with me here though.

Bob

[ September 21, 2003, 09:08 AM: Message edited by: iwire ]

 

[russellroberts]

Re: How Did The NEC Become What it is Today?

The code making process appears to be very similar to the lawmaking process,with one of the exceptions being that "common people" can submit changes or additions directly to the cmp.

As I understand it most anyone in the field can submit a change or addition,and this includes manufacturers of new products,"lobbying" to get their products included.Same for people with changes and additions or "agendas".

As with most lawmaking processes,there's probably room for improvement.Blindly following and obeying any "governing body" without asking questions is scary to me. Simply saying "thats required by code" to a customer cuts little ice with some,so the why and how are both important.

One thing I see,and I think Bob and others hint at this,is that the nec has evolved a bit to include design as well as fire prevention.


210.70(A)(1)to me is an example of an rule having little to do with electrical safety.It can keep you from falling over something in a dark room,but it won't prevent a fire.

I'm sure we've all seen and rewired old installations that were installed years ago under the code of the day that were still functioning perfectly but maybe the materials had degraded over the years,or modern appliances or equipment demanded an egc or more amperage.

A case in point for me would be a local motel that was built in 1964.It has a 1200a 3phase main, with all the branch ckt. in rigid conduit in the slab,or emt run overhead for the lighting ckts,thw conductors were used,the conduit was the egc(still functioning well I might add) the only safety issues found by the inspectors were adding gfci receps at the bathrooms, adding smoke alarms,and getting rid of some "handyman wiring".The inspectors and the state fire marshall both commented that it was probably the best installation they had seen in a long time.

I haven't offered anything but more questions here,and my apoligies to Bob for that.

Just a few humble opinions,and asking the question of how far have we actually come since '64.

Russell

 

[bennie]

Re: How Did The NEC Become What it is Today?

Thanks Russell, I agree with your opinion on 1964 material and methods. You substantiate the saying that; "no matter how things change they remain the same"

The only important changes in electrical installations since 1965, have been in the manufacturing process of insulation quality, not in code changes.

Most all the material used in 1965 is still in use and still being installed. Most of the mechanical procedures are the same.

Anyone care to name one item, that has changed electrical technology, safety, and continuity of service.

The code change allowing a gap around a box, in a wood constructed wall, is backward technology, and elevates the level of danger.

GFCIs and AFCIs are still controversial, with no real facts involving their performance and application. This code change was a marketing plan by the makers of the devices. Not a proposal or consensus by trade related persons.

Is it true that only individuals with some clout and special interest can get on a code panel? Why can't a dedicated electrician get on a panel? Like some of the ones on this forum.

Union officials, sit on most panels, they could not care less about the code except when it may have a labor impact. What does that have to do with preventing fires?

 

[joe tedesco]

Re: How Did The NEC Become What it is Today?

The entie text of the 2002 NEC Contents pages follow:

I would like to challenge anyone to compare the 1965 edition with the 2002 edition.

Just tell us what new Articles were added since 1965, and not just Sections, and when referring to the rules they are to be identified as Sections and not as Articles.

Start with Article 80, etc.

Bennie you too can take this challenge, the first one who comes back within accurate answer gets a prize!

Contents
ARTICLE
80 Administration and Enforcement ................ 70? 23
90 Introduction......................................... 70? 29
Chapter 1 General
100 Definitions ........................................... 70? 33
I. General ........................................... 70? 33
II. Over 600 Volts, Nominal ...................... 70? 39
110 Requirements for Electrical Installations ....... 70? 40
I. General ........................................... 70? 40
II. 600 Volts, Nominal, or Less .................. 70? 43
III. Over 600 Volts, Nominal ...................... 70? 45
IV. Tunnel Installations over 600 Volts,
Nominal .......................................... 70? 47
Chapter 2 Wiring and Protection
200 Use and Identification of Grounded
Conductors ........................................... 70? 49
210 Branch Circuits ..................................... 70? 51
I. General Provisions .............................. 70? 51
II. Branch-Circuit Ratings ......................... 70? 54
III. Required Outlets................................ 70? 57
215 Feeders............................................... 70? 60
220 Branch-Circuit, Feeder, and Service
Calculations .......................................... 70? 61
I. General ........................................... 70? 61
II. Feeders and Services ........................... 70? 63
III. Optional Calculations for Computing
Feeder and Service Loads ...................... 70? 66
IV. Method for Computing Farm Loads ......... 70? 69
225 Outside Branch Circuits and Feeders........... 70? 69
I. General ........................................... 70? 70
II. More Than One Building or Other
Structure .......................................... 70? 72
III. Over 600 Volts .................................. 70? 74
230 Services .............................................. 70? 75
I. General ........................................... 70? 75
II. Overhead Service-Drop Conductors ......... 70? 77
III. Underground Service-Lateral
Conductors ........................................ 70? 78
IV. Service-Entrance Conductors................. 70? 78
V. Service Equipment ? General ............... 70? 81
VI. Service Equipment ? Disconnecting
Means............................................ 70? 81
VII. Service Equipment ? Overcurrent
Protection ........................................ 70? 82
VIII. Services Exceeding 600 Volts, Nominal.... 70? 84
240 Overcurrent Protection ............................ 70? 85
I. General ........................................... 70? 85
II. Location .......................................... 70? 88
ARTICLE
III. Enclosures ........................................ 70? 91
IV. Disconnecting and Guarding .................. 70? 92
V. Plug Fuses, Fuseholders, and Adapters..... 70? 92
VI. Cartridge Fuses and Fuseholders ............. 70? 93
VII. Circuit Breakers ................................. 70? 93
VIII. Supervised Industrial Installations........... 70? 94
IX. Overcurrent Protection Over 600 Volts,
Nominal .......................................... 70? 95
250 Grounding ........................................... 70? 95
I. General ........................................... 70? 95
II. Circuit and System Grounding ............... 70? 98
III. Grounding Electrode System and
Grounding Electrode Conductor.............. 70?104
IV. Enclosure, Raceway, and Service Cable
Grounding ....................................... 70?108
V. Bonding .......................................... 70?108
VI. Equipment Grounding and Equipment
Grounding Conductors ......................... 70?111
VII. Methods of Equipment Grounding........... 70?115
VIII. Direct-Current Systems ........................ 70?117
IX. Instruments, Meters, and Relays ............. 70?118
X. Grounding of Systems and Circuits of
1 kV and Over (High Voltage) ................ 70?119
280 Surge Arresters ..................................... 70?120
I. General ........................................... 70?120
II. Installation ....................................... 70?121
III. Connecting Surge Arresters ................... 70?121
285 Transient Voltage Surge Suppressors:
TVSSs ................................................ 70?122
I. General ........................................... 70?122
II. Installation ....................................... 70?122
III. Connecting Transient Voltage Surge
Suppressors...................................... 70?122
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials
300 Wiring Methods .................................... 70?123
I. General Requirements.......................... 70?123
II. Requirements for Over 600 Volts,
Nominal ........................................... 70?132
310 Conductors for General Wiring .................. 70?133
312 Cabinets, Cutout Boxes, and Meter Socket
Enclosures ........................................... 70?161
I. Installation ....................................... 70?161
II. Construction Specifications ................... 70?162
314 Outlet, Device, Pull, and Junction Boxes;
Conduit Bodies; Fittings; and Manholes........ 70?164
I. Scope and General .............................. 70?164
II. Installation ....................................... 70?165
III. Construction Specifications ................... 70?170
IV. Manholes and Other Electric
Enclosures Intended for Personnel
Entry............................................... 70?171
70?2 CONTENTS
2002 Edition NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE.ARTICLE
V. Pull and Junction Boxes for Use on
Systems Over 600 Volts, Nominal ............ 70?172
320 Armored Cable: Type AC ........................ 70?173
I. General ........................................... 70?173
II. Installation ....................................... 70?173
III. Construction Specifications ................... 70?174
322 Flat Cable Assemblies: Type FC ................ 70?174
I. General ........................................... 70?174
II. Installation ....................................... 70?174
III. Construction ..................................... 70?175
324 Flat Conductor Cable: Type FCC ............... 70?175
I. General ........................................... 70?175
II. Installation ....................................... 70?176
III. Construction ..................................... 70?177
326 Integrated Gas Spacer Cable: Type IGS ....... 70?178
I. General ........................................... 70?178
II. Installation ....................................... 70?178
III. Construction Specifications ................... 70?178
328 Medium Voltage Cable: Type MV.............. 70?179
I. General ........................................... 70?179
II. Installation ....................................... 70?179
III. Construction Specifications ................... 70?179
330 Metal-Clad Cable: Type MC ..................... 70?179
I. General ........................................... 70?179
II. Installation ....................................... 70?179
III. Construction Specifications ................... 70?181
332 Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed Cable:
Type MI .............................................. 70?181
I. General ........................................... 70?181
II. Installation ....................................... 70?181
III. Construction Specifications ................... 70?182
334 Nonmetallic-Sheathed Cable: Types NM,
NMC, and NMS .................................... 70?182
I. General ........................................... 70?182
II. Installation ....................................... 70?182
III. Construction Specifications ................... 70?184
336 Power and Control Tray Cable: Type TC ...... 70?184
I. General ........................................... 70?184
II. Installation ....................................... 70?185
III. Construction Specifications ................... 70?185
338 Service-Entrance Cable: Types SE and
USE ................................................... 70?186
I. General ........................................... 70?186
II. Installation ....................................... 70?186
III. Construction ..................................... 70?186
340 Underground Feeder and Branch-Circuit
Cable: Type UF ..................................... 70?187
I. General ........................................... 70?187
II. Installation ....................................... 70?187
III. Construction Specifications ................... 70?187
ARTICLE
342 Intermediate Metal Conduit: Type IMC........ 70?187
I. General ........................................... 70?187
II. Installation ....................................... 70?188
III. Construction Specifications ................... 70?189
344 Rigid Metal Conduit: Type RMC ............... 70?189
I. General ........................................... 70?189
II. Installation ....................................... 70?189
III. Construction Specifications ................... 70?191
348 Flexible Metal Conduit: Type FMC ............ 70?191
I. General ........................................... 70?191
II. Installation ....................................... 70?191
350 Liquidtight Flexible Metal Conduit: Type
LFMC ................................................ 70?192
I. General ........................................... 70?192
II. Installation ....................................... 70?193
III. Construction Specifications ................... 70?193
352 Rigid Nonmetallic Conduit: Type RNC........ 70?194
I. General ........................................... 70?194
II. Installation ....................................... 70?194
III. Construction Specifications ................... 70?195
354 Nonmetallic Underground Conduit with
Conductors: Type NUCC.......................... 70?197
I. General ........................................... 70?197
II. Installation ....................................... 70?197
III. Construction Specifications ................... 70?198
356 Liquidtight Flexible Nonmetallic Conduit:
Type LFNC .......................................... 70?198
I. General ........................................... 70?198
II. Installation ....................................... 70?198
III. Construction Specifications ................... 70?199
358 Electrical Metallic Tubing: Type EMT ......... 70?200
I. General ........................................... 70?200
II. Installation ....................................... 70?200
III. Construction Specifications ................... 70?201
360 Flexible Metallic Tubing: Type FMT........... 70?201
I. General ........................................... 70?201
II. Installation ....................................... 70?201
III. Construction Specifications ................... 70?202
362 Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing: Type ENT.... 70?202
I. General ........................................... 70?202
II. Installation ....................................... 70?202
III. Construction Specifications ................... 70?204
366 Auxiliary Gutters................................... 70?204
368 Busways ............................................. 70?206
I. General Requirements.......................... 70?206
II. Requirements for Over 600 Volts,
Nominal ........................................... 70?207
370 Cablebus ............................................. 70?208
372 Cellular Concrete Floor Raceways.............. 70?209
70?3 CONTENTS
2002 Edition NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE.ARTICLE
374 Cellular Metal Floor Raceways .................. 70?210
I. Installation ....................................... 70?210
II. Construction Specifications ................... 70?211
376 Metal Wireways .................................... 70?211
I. General ........................................... 70?211
II. Installation ....................................... 70?211
III. Construction Specifications ................... 70?212
378 Nonmetallic Wireways ............................ 70?212
I. General ........................................... 70?212
II. Installation ....................................... 70?212
III. Construction Specifications ................... 70?213
380 Multioutlet Assembly .............................. 70?213
382 Nonmetallic Extensions ........................... 70?214
I. General ........................................... 70?214
II. Installation ....................................... 70?214
384 Strut-Type Channel Raceway.................... 70?215
I. General ........................................... 70?215
II. Installation ....................................... 70?215
III. Construction Specifications ................... 70?216
386 Surface Metal Raceways.......................... 70?216
I. General ........................................... 70?216
II. Installation ....................................... 70?216
III. Construction Specifications ................... 70?217
388 Surface Nonmetallic Raceways .................. 70?217
I. General ........................................... 70?217
II. Installation ....................................... 70?217
III. Construction Specifications ................... 70?218
390 Underfloor Raceways .............................. 70?218
392 Cable Trays......................................... 70?219
394 Concealed Knob-and-Tube Wiring.............. 70?225
I. General ........................................... 70?225
II. Installation ....................................... 70?226
III. Construction Specifications ................... 70?226
396 Messenger Supported Wiring.................... 70?227
I. General ........................................... 70?227
II. Installation ....................................... 70?227
398 Open Wiring on Insulators....................... 70?227
I. General ........................................... 70?227
II. Installation ....................................... 70?227
III. Construction Specifications ................... 70?229
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use
400 Flexible Cords and Cables....................... 70?231
I. General ........................................... 70?231
II. Construction Specifications ................... 70?239
III. Portable Cables Over 600 Volts,
Nominal ........................................... 70?240
402 Fixture Wires ....................................... 70?241
ARTICLE
404 Switches ............................................. 70?244
I. Installation ....................................... 70?244
II. Construction Specifications ................... 70?247
406 Receptacles, Cord Connectors, and
Attachment Plugs (Caps).......................... 70?247
408 Switchboards and Panelboards ................... 70?250
I. General ........................................... 70?250
II. Switchboards .................................... 70?251
III. Panelboards...................................... 70?252
IV. Construction Specifications ................... 70?253
410 Luminaires (Lighting Fixtures),
Lampholders and Lamps.......................... 70?254
I. General ........................................... 70?254
II. Luminaire (Fixture) Locations ................ 70?254
III. Provisions at Luminaire (Fixture)
Outlet Boxes, Canopies, and Pans ............ 70?255
IV. Luminaire (Fixture) Supports................. 70?256
V. Grounding ........................................ 70?257
VI. Wiring of Luminaires (Fixtures) ............. 70?257
VII. Construction of Luminaires (Fixtures) ...... 70?259
VIII. Installation of Lampholders ................... 70?260
IX. Construction of Lampholders................. 70?260
X. Lamps and Auxiliary Equipment ............. 70?260
XI. Special Provisions for Flush and
Recessed Luminaires (Fixtures) ............... 70?260
XII. Construction of Flush and Recessed
Luminaires (Fixtures) ........................... 70?261
XIII. Special Provisions for
Electric-Discharge Lighting Systems of
1000 Volts or Less .............................. 70?261
XIV. Special Provisions for
Electric-Discharge Lighting Systems of
More Than 1000 Volts.......................... 70?262
XV. Lighting Track................................... 70?263
411 Lighting Systems Operating at 30 Volts or
Less ................................................... 70?264
422 Appliances .......................................... 70?264
I. General ........................................... 70?264
II. Installation ....................................... 70?264
III. Disconnecting Means.......................... 70?267
IV. Construction ..................................... 70?267
V. Marking .......................................... 70?268
424 Fixed Electric Space-Heating Equipment ...... 70?269
I. General ........................................... 70?269
II. Installation ....................................... 70?269
III. Control and Protection of Fixed
Electric Space-Heating Equipment........... 70?270
IV. Marking of Heating Equipment.............. 70?272
V. Electric Space-Heating Cables ................ 70?272
VI. Duct Heaters ..................................... 70?274
VII. Resistance-Type Boilers....................... 70?274
VIII. Electrode-Type Boilers ......................... 70?275
IX. Electric Radiant Heating Panels and
Heating Panel Sets .............................. 70?276
426 Fixed Outdoor Electric Deicing and
Snow-Melting Equipment ......................... 70?278
I. General ........................................... 70?278
70?4 CONTENTS
2002 Edition NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE.ARTICLE
II. Installation ....................................... 70?279
III. Resistance Heating Elements................. 70?279
IV. Impedance Heating............................. 70?280
V. Skin-Effect Heating............................. 70?280
VI. Control and Protection ......................... 70?281
427 Fixed Electric Heating Equipment for
Pipelines and Vessels .............................. 70?281
I. General ........................................... 70?281
II. Installation ....................................... 70?282
III. Resistance Heating Elements................. 70?282
IV. Impedance Heating............................. 70?283
V. Induction Heating ............................... 70?283
VI. Skin-Effect Heating............................. 70?283
VII. Control and Protection ......................... 70?284
430 Motors, Motor Circuits, and Controllers ....... 70?284
I. General ........................................... 70?284
II. Motor Circuit Conductors ..................... 70?290
III. Motor and Branch-Circuit Overload
Protection ........................................ 70?292
IV. Motor Branch-Circuit Short-Circuit and
Ground-Fault Protection ........................ 70?295
V. Motor Feeder Short-Circuit and
Ground-Fault Protection....................... 70?298
VI. Motor Control Circuits ......................... 70?299
VII. Motor Controllers ............................... 70?301
VIII. Motor Control Centers ......................... 70?302
IX. Disconnecting Means.......................... 70?304
X. Over 600 Volts, Nominal ...................... 70?307
XI. Protection of Live Parts ? All
Voltages .......................................... 70?308
XII. Grounding ? All Voltages.................... 70?308
XIII. Tables ............................................. 70?309
440 Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating
Equipment ........................................... 70?312
I. General ........................................... 70?312
II. Disconnecting Means.......................... 70?314
III. Branch-Circuit Short-Circuit and
Ground-Fault Protection ........................ 70?315
IV. Branch-Circuit Conductors.................... 70?316
V. Controllers for Motor-Compressors .......... 70?316
VI. Motor-Compressor and Branch-Circuit
Overload Protection............................. 70?317
VII. Provisions for Room Air Conditioners ...... 70?318
445 Generators ........................................... 70?319
450 Transformers and Transformer Vaults
(Including Secondary Ties)....................... 70?320
I. General Provisions .............................. 70?320
II. Specific Provisions Applicable to
Different Types of Transformers.............. 70?324
III. Transformer Vaults............................. 70?326
455 Phase Converters................................... 70?327
I. General ........................................... 70?327
II. Specific Provisions Applicable to
Different Types of Phase Converters ......... 70?328
460 Capacitors ........................................... 70?329
I. 600 Volts, Nominal, and Under.............. 70?329
ARTICLE
II. Over 600 Volts, Nominal ...................... 70?329
470 Resistors and Reactors (For Rheostats,
See 430.82.) ......................................... 70?330
I. 600 Volts, Nominal, and Under.............. 70?330
II. Over 600 Volts, Nominal ...................... 70?331
480 Storage Batteries................................... 70?331
490 Equipment, Over 600 Volts, Nominal .......... 70?332
I. General ........................................... 70?332
II. Equipment ? Specific Provisions........... 70?332
III. Equipment ? Metal-Enclosed Power
Switchgear and Industrial Control
Assemblies ........................................ 70?335
IV. Mobile and Portable Equipment.............. 70?337
V. Electrode-Type Boilers ......................... 70?337
Chapter 5 Special Occupancies
500 Hazardous (Classified) Locations, Classes
I, II, and III, Divisions 1 and 2 .................. 70?339
501 Class I Locations................................... 70?347
502 Class II Locations .................................. 70?356
503 Class III Locations ................................. 70?362
504 Intrinsically Safe Systems ........................ 70?364
505 Class I, Zone 0, 1, and 2 Locations ............ 70?367
510 Hazardous (Classified) Locations ?
Specific............................................... 70?380
511 Commercial Garages, Repair and Storage..... 70?380
513 Aircraft Hangars................................... 70?382
514 Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities ................ 70?385
515 Bulk Storage Plants................................ 70?389
516 Spray Application, Dipping, and Coating
Processes ............................................. 70?393
517 Health Care Facilities............................. 70?399
I. General ........................................... 70?399
II. Wiring and Protection.......................... 70?402
III. Essential Electrical System.................... 70?405
IV. Inhalation Anesthetizing Locations .......... 70?411
V. X-Ray Installations............................. 70?414
VI. Communications, Signaling Systems,
Data Systems, Fire Alarm Systems, and
Systems Less Than 120 Volts, Nominal..... 70?415
VII. Isolated Power Systems ........................ 70?416
518 Places of Assembly................................ 70?417
520 Theaters, Audience Areas of Motion
Picture and Television Studios,
Performance Areas, and Similar Locations..... 70?418
I. General ........................................... 70?418
II. Fixed Stage Switchboards ..................... 70?419
70?5 CONTENTS
2002 Edition NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE.ARTICLE
III. Fixed Stage Equipment Other Than
Switchboards .................................... 70?421
IV. Portable Switchboards on Stage.............. 70?422
V. Portable Stage Equipment Other Than
Switchboards .................................... 70?425
VI. Dressing Rooms ................................. 70?426
VII. Grounding ........................................ 70?426
525 Carnivals, Circuses, Fairs, and Similar
Events ................................................ 70?427
I. General Requirements.......................... 70?427
II. Power Sources................................... 70?427
III. Wiring Methods ................................. 70?427
IV. Grounding and Bonding....................... 70?428
527 Temporary Installations ........................... 70?429
530 Motion Picture and Television Studios
And Similar Locations .............................. 70?430
I. General ........................................... 70?430
II. Stage or Set...................................... 70?431
III. Dressing Rooms ................................. 70?433
IV. Viewing, Cutting, and Patching Tables..... 70?434
V. Cellulose Nitrate Film Storage Vaults ....... 70?434
VI. Substations ....................................... 70?434
540 Motion Picture Projection Rooms ............... 70?434
I. General ........................................... 70?434
II. Equipment and Projectors of the
Professional Type ............................... 70?434
III. Nonprofessional Projectors.................... 70?435
IV. Audio Signal Processing, Amplification,
And Reproduction Equipment .................. 70?435
545 Manufactured Buildings.......................... 70?436
547 Agricultural Buildings............................. 70?437
550 Mobile Homes, Manufactured Homes, and
Mobile Home Parks................................ 70?439
I. General ........................................... 70?439
II. Mobile and Manufactured Homes........... 70?440
III. Services and Feeders ........................... 70?447
551 Recreational Vehicles and Recreational
Vehicle Parks ........................................ 70?449
I. General ........................................... 70?449
II. Low-Voltage Systems.......................... 70?450
III. Combination Electrical Systems.............. 70?452
IV. Other Power Sources ........................... 70?452
V. Nominal 120-Volt or 120/240-Volt
Systems ........................................... 70?453
VI. Factory Tests .................................... 70?460
VII. Recreational Vehicle Parks.................... 70?460
552 Park Trailers ........................................ 70?463
I. General ........................................... 70?463
II. Low-Voltage Systems.......................... 70?463
III. Combination Electrical Systems.............. 70?464
IV. Nominal 120-Volt or 120/240-Volt
Systems ........................................... 70?465
V. Factory Tests .................................... 70?472
ARTICLE
553 Floating Buildings ................................. 70?472
I. General ........................................... 70?472
II. Services and Feeders ........................... 70?472
III. Grounding ........................................ 70?472
555 Marinas and Boatyards ............................ 70?473
Chapter 6 Special Equipment
600 Electric Signs and Outline Lighting ............ 70?477
I. General ........................................... 70?477
II. Field-Installed Skeleton Tubing.............. 70?480
604 Manufactured Wiring Systems ................... 70?481
605 Office Furnishings (Consisting of Lighting
Accessories and Wired Partitions) ............... 70?482
610 Cranes and Hoists .................................. 70?483
I. General ........................................... 70?483
II. Wiring............................................ 70?483
III. Contact Conductors............................. 70?486
IV. Disconnecting Means.......................... 70?487
V. Overcurrent Protection ......................... 70?487
VI. Control............................................ 70?488
VII. Grounding ........................................ 70?488
620 Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators,
Moving Walks, Wheelchair Lifts, and
Stairway Chair Lifts................................ 70?488
I. General ........................................... 70?488
II. Conductors ....................................... 70?490
III. Wiring............................................ 70?491
IV. Installation of Conductors ..................... 70?494
V. Traveling Cables................................ 70?494
VI. Disconnecting Means and Control........... 70?495
VII. Overcurrent Protection ......................... 70?496
VIII. Machine Rooms, Control Rooms,
Machinery Spaces and Control Spaces ...... 70?497
IX. Grounding ........................................ 70?497
X. Emergency and Standby Power
Systems ........................................... 70?497
625 Electric Vehicle Charging System ............... 70?498
I. General ........................................... 70?498
II. Wiring Methods ................................. 70?498
III. Equipment Construction....................... 70?499
IV. Control and Protection ......................... 70?499
V. Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment
Locations .......................................... 70?500
630 Electric Welders .................................... 70?502
I. General ........................................... 70?502
II. Arc Welders ..................................... 70?502
III. Resistance Welders............................. 70?503
IV. Welding Cable................................... 70?504
640 Audio Signal Processing, Amplification,
And Reproduction Equipment.................... 70?504
I. General ........................................... 70?504
II. Permanent Audio System Installations ...... 70?507
70?6 CONTENTS
2002 Edition NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE.ARTICLE
III. Portable and Temporary Audio System
Installations...................................... 70?508
645 Information Technology Equipment ............ 70?509
647 Sensitive Electronic Equipment................. 70?511
650 Pipe Organs......................................... 70?512
660 X-Ray Equipment .................................. 70?513
I. General ........................................... 70?513
II. Control............................................ 70?514
III. Transformers and Capacitors................. 70?514
IV. Guarding and Grounding ...................... 70?514
665 Induction and Dielectric Heating
Equipment ........................................... 70?515
I. General ........................................... 70?515
II. Guarding, Grounding, and Labeling ......... 70?516
668 Electrolytic Cells................................... 70?516
669 Electroplating ....................................... 70?519
670 Industrial Machinery .............................. 70?520
675 Electrically Driven or Controlled
Irrigation Machines ................................. 70?521
I. General ........................................... 70?521
II. Center Pivot Irrigation Machines ............ 70?523
680 Swimming Pools, Fountains, and Similar
Installations .......................................... 70?523
I. General ........................................... 70?523
II. Permanently Installed Pools ................... 70?526
III. Storable Pools................................... 70?532
IV. Spas and Hot Tubs............................. 70?533
V. Fountains......................................... 70?535
VI. Pools and Tubs for Therapeutic Use........ 70?536
VII. Hydro massages Bathtubs....................... 70?537
685 Integrated Electrical Systems.................... 70?537
I. General ........................................... 70?537
II. Orderly Shutdown .............................. 70?538
690 Solar Photovoltaic Systems ...................... 70?538
I. General ........................................... 70?538
II. Circuit Requirements ........................... 70?540
III. Disconnecting Means.......................... 70?542
IV. Wiring Methods ................................. 70?543
V. Grounding ........................................ 70?544
VI. Marking .......................................... 70?545
VII. Connection to Other Sources................. 70?545
VIII. Storage Batteries................................ 70?546
IX. Systems Over 600 Volts....................... 70?547
692 Fuel Cell Systems .................................. 70?547
I. General ........................................... 70?547
II. Circuit Requirements ........................... 70?548
III. Disconnecting Means.......................... 70?549
IV. Wiring Methods ................................. 70?549
V. Grounding ........................................ 70?549
VI. Marking .......................................... 70?549
VII. Connection to Other Circuits................. 70?549
ARTICLE
VIII. Outputs Over 600 Volts ........................ 70?550
695 Fire Pumps .......................................... 70?550
Chapter 7 Special Conditions
700 Emergency Systems ............................... 70?555
I. General ........................................... 70?555
II. Circuit Wiring................................... 70?556
III. Sources of Power ............................... 70?557
IV. Emergency System Circuits for
Lighting and Power ............................ 70?558
V. Control ? Emergency Lighting
Circuits............................................ 70?559
VI. Overcurrent Protection ......................... 70?559
701 Legally Required Standby Systems ............. 70?559
I. General ........................................... 70?559
II. Circuit Wiring................................... 70?560
III. Sources of Power ............................... 70?561
IV. Overcurrent Protection ......................... 70?562
702 Optional Standby Systems ........................ 70?562
I. General ........................................... 70?562
II. Circuit Wiring................................... 70?563
III. Grounding ........................................ 70?563
705 Interconnected Electric Power Production
Sources............................................... 70?563
720 Circuits and Equipment Operating at Less
Than 50 Volts ....................................... 70?565
725 Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3
Remote-Control, Signaling, and
Power-Limited Circuits ............................ 70?565
I. General ........................................... 70?565
II. Class 1 Circuits ................................. 70?566
III. Class 2 and Class 3 Circuits .................. 70?568
727 Instrumentation Tray Cable: Type ITC ......... 70?574
760 Fire Alarm Systems................................ 70?575
I General ........................................... 70?575
II. Non?Power-Limited Fire Alarm
(NPLFA) Circuits ............................... 70?576
III. Power-Limited Fire Alarm (PLFA)
Circuits............................................ 70?579
770 Optical Fiber Cables and Raceways ............ 70?583
I. General ........................................... 70?583
II. Protection ........................................ 70?584
III. Cables within Buildings....................... 70?584
780 Closed-Loop and Programmed Power
Distribution .......................................... 70?587
Chapter 8 Communications Systems
800 Communications Circuits ......................... 70?589
I. General ........................................... 70?589
II. Conductors Outside and Entering
Buildings .......................................... 70?590
70?7 CONTENTS
2002 Edition NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE.ARTICLE
III. Protection ........................................ 70?591
IV. Grounding Methods ............................ 70?592
V. Communications Wires and Cables
Within Buildings................................ 70?593
810 Radio and Television Equipment ................ 70?597
I. General ........................................... 70?597
II. Receiving Equipment ? Antenna
Systems ........................................... 70?598
III. Amateur Transmitting and Receiving
Stations ? Antenna Systems .................. 70?600
IV. Interior Installation ? Transmitting
Stations ........................................... 70?601
820 Community Antenna Television and Radio
Distribution Systems ............................... 70?601
I. General ........................................... 70?601
II. Cables Outside and Entering Buildings..... 70?602
III. Protection ........................................ 70?603
IV. Grounding Methods ............................ 70?603
V. Cables Within Buildings....................... 70?604
830 Network-Powered Broadband
Communications Systems ......................... 70?607
I. General ........................................... 70?607
II. Cables Outside and Entering Buildings..... 70?609
III. Protection ........................................ 70?612
IV. Grounding Methods ............................ 70?613
V. Wiring Methods within Buildings........... 70?614
TABLES
Chapter 9 Tables
1 Percent of Cross Section of Conduit and
Tubing for Conductors ............................ 70?617
TABLES
4 Dimensions and Percent Area of Conduit
and Tubing (Areas of Conduit or Tubing
For the Combinations of Wires Permitted
In Table 1, Chapter 9)............................. 70?617
5 Dimensions of Insulated Conductors and
Fixture Wires ........................................ 70?622
5A Compact Aluminum Building Wire
Nominal Dimensions* and Areas ............... 70?624
8 Conductor Properties .............................. 70?625
9 Alternating-Current Resistance and
Reactance for 600-Volt Cables, 3-Phase,
60 Hz, 75?C (167?F) ? Three Single
Conductors in Conduit............................. 70?626
11(A) Class 2 and Class 3 Alternating-Current
Power Source Limitations ......................... 70?628
11(B) Class 2 and Class 3 Direct-Current Power
Source Limitations................................ 70?628
12(A) PLFA Alternating-Current Power Source
Limitations ........................................... 70?629
12(B) PLFA Direct-Current Power Source
Limitations ........................................... 70?629
Annex A .............................................. 70?631
Annex B .............................................. 70?635
Annex C .............................................. 70?645
Annex D ............................................. 70?667
Annex E .............................................. 70?675
Annex F .............................................. 70?677
Index .................................................. 70?681

 

[roger]

Re: How Did The NEC Become What it is Today?

OK, let's look at this in reverse and tell us which articles or sections haven't changed.

#2 grounded laundry receptacle.

I'm too lazy to open the book right now so I may be wrong.

Roger

 

[bennie]

Re: How Did The NEC Become What it is Today?

Roger: Does the ground go up or down on a receptacle?

 

[iwire]

Re: How Did The NEC Become What it is Today?

This will be tough for me, I think the first code book I opened was a 1978 or so.

 

[roger]

Re: How Did The NEC Become What it is Today?

Bennie, yes.

Bob, thats OK, I bought the 47 edition because it was there, not because I was there.

Roger

 

[Guest]

Re: How Did The NEC Become What it is Today?

Originally posted by joe tedesco:

Other than that it's still mostly as primitive as ever

../Wayne C.

Please explain this comment in more detail?

I thought I provided ample detail. I'm still waiting for an answer to my question, but I will go ahead a make an attempt to answer yours. Please take this in the spirit it is offered-- for the betterment of the whole. This post is not intended to be inflammatory, or confrontational.

If you think about it residential wiring is still very primitive. Yes, the 2002 NEC has a lot of good ideas-- but the basic wiring premise is very similar to what it was when Romex first came out. Romex is an improvement over Knob-and-Tube, but even Romex is a fairly primitive system. Residential wiring has evolved, but it hasn't really revolved. It's evolutionary, but not yet revolutionary. Even a Knob-and-Tube electrician would be able to quickly get up to speed on the 2002 NEC.

In my previous post I asked about some revolutionary portions of the 2002 NEC, and I listed a couple of my own-- but so far nobody has replied with anything that knocks my socks off.

When I wired my first house it was nerve-wracking (sp) but I studied hard and it passed inspection with a couple of very minor tweaks. I mentioned to the inspector how challenging the job was for me as I had almost zero experience. He stated, "you could tie a wire to a monkey's tail and quickly teach it to be an electrician". I did not appreciate or agree with his comment, but there is an element of truth in it. The next door neighbor to the job was a pipe man. He told me residential wiring was primitive. He rolled his eyes every day no matter how pretty, functional, and safe I made the job. To him anything outside of pipe was primitive. I didn't like his comments either, but again, it had an element of truth. When you get right down to it drilling holes in walls, dragging boxes of wire through the holes, bashing staples with hand-held implements, etc. leaves a lot of room for errors. Some kind of piped, modular system would be easier and less error prone. When I say error prone I am most talking about the inconsistent quality control depending on how knowledgeable and skilled the electrical craftsman is. I thought I was an electrical craftsman until I saw a picture of Ed's work. I do not agree with his methods, but his craftsmanship far exceeds my present abilities.

Residential electrical work is a primitive system. Commercial & Industrial is a notch up away from primitive, but Res, Comm, and Indus could all benefit from some revolutionary wiring methodology.

From a distance it all looks pretty much like it did thirty or fifty years ago. I love it, but it's primitive.

Think of the technological advances in other industries, and then compare it to the advances in residential wiring. Something is holding back real innovation.

Now, tell me what's revolutionary about it. I welcome all comments!

[tapping my toes},

../Wayne C.

PS: If any of you folks are ever in my area I would love to have you come over and break bread with my family and me. Putting a face & personality to the name always improves true understanding.