A feeder to a separate structure requires the building disconnect be nearest the point of entry of the conductors. Some areas have a local amendment allowing a certain distance like 3 feet or 15 feet of conductor in the building until it hits the disconnect. If that interior panel is further than that distance, you will need a disconnect where the conductors. Could be outside and you surface mount it and run the conduit up into the bottom. Then you could come out the back into the wall, or out the top up to the attic or joist space of a floor above.