Multiwire Branch Circuits

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jaggedben

Senior Member
Location
Northern California
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Solar and Energy Storage Installer
Citation? I don't think there is one.

Cheers, Wayne
I was thinking of 210.4(C) but I see Exception #2 cancels it out in this case.
(I don't see the point of the exception, btw.) But as I think further, I don't think you've described an MWBC anyway. Just a situation where the customer and electrician have been inconvenienced by putting two circuts on a common trip breaker.

The violation would be if the wires aren't grouped.
 

wwhitney

Senior Member
Location
Berkeley, CA
Occupation
Retired
But as I think further, I don't think you've described an MWBC anyway.
I probably agree, but would need to carefully parse the definitions of Branch Circuit and MWBC to confirm.

But the point still stands, in the panel you can't really tell the difference. You are right that with the weird 2 circuit A-N B-C configuration (assuming the above works out), the neutral should be zip tied to A rather than just going into the conduit with A, B, and C. So you could look for that, but I imagine a grouping violation would not be uncommon, so it wouldn't be guaranteed.

Cheers, Wayne
 

lordofthisworld

Senior Member
Location
Massachusetts
And yet too many people are. Hence the more stringent rules. Hard to spot an MWBC when the guy before you ran one of the hots in a separate cable and put it on a 15A breaker while the other hot was on a 20. He also brought two MWBCs from separate panels to a jbox where he used one neutral for three of the hots. This almost resulted in shocking one of our guys when he was re-wiring one of the subpanels, and after I diagnosed it I realized we'd gotten lucky not frying anything with an open neutral.

My particular pet peeve is where they don't group the neutrals with the hots when bringing multiple circuits in through the same raceway. (Which is broader than MWBCs, but related.)

If the handle tie requirement forces more people to learn what they are doing, I'm for it. It shouldn't be that way, but it is.
Was this done on a single phase or three phase system?
 

don_resqcapt19

Moderator
Staff member
Location
Illinois
Occupation
retired electrician
The line to line load can make for a 4th CCC as you mentioned, I also did bring that up. But for line to neutral only situations which I maybe didn't make clear enough but is what I was referring to, as well as all being linear loads - you can't get 4 CCC's without also committing other violations. Connecting A,A, B and N would give you 4 CCC's but also gives you a potentially overloaded N, you would have to connect that spare to C if and when you use it.
I you are starting with 3 ungrounded conductors and a neutral, you have 3 CCCs, but if you disconnect one of the ungrounded conductors and make it a spare, you now have 4 CCCs per the code. Where you are using only two phase and the neutral from a 3 phase wye system as a multi-wire circuit, the neutral must be counted as a current carrying conductor, so you have the neutral, the two phase conductors and the spare as current carrying conductors. 310.15(E)(2) in the 2020 or 310.15(B)(5)(b) in the 2017.
 

Steve16

Member
Location
Ct
Occupation
Master electrician
I understand the arguement that if you don't know how to identify a mwbc or a grounded conductor being used as an ungrounded conductor you shouldn't be in the panel to begin with. I used to agree 100%

But the reality is that there are plenty of licensed persons that have no idea what they're doing. I constantly see undersized conductors, lack of grounding and bonding, lack of understanding grounding electrodes, equipment grounding conductors, grounded conductors. It's overly concerning. And that's why identifying these circuits is important. Whether it's a multi pole breaker for mwbc or reidentifying the grounded conductor. It's not that big of a deal and it is code. Residentially I figure if it has a date on the romex, it needs to have a handle tie by code. Previous to it being in the code, it's the contractors choice
 

kwired

Electron manager
Location
NE Nebraska
I you are starting with 3 ungrounded conductors and a neutral, you have 3 CCCs, but if you disconnect one of the ungrounded conductors and make it a spare, you now have 4 CCCs per the code. Where you are using only two phase and the neutral from a 3 phase wye system as a multi-wire circuit, the neutral must be counted as a current carrying conductor, so you have the neutral, the two phase conductors and the spare as current carrying conductors. 310.15(E)(2) in the 2020 or 310.15(B)(5)(b) in the 2017.
I guess the language needs changed a little then? I guess if you had same thing but the fourth conductor were a switched leg you now have 4 CCC's. If it is the "home run" to the panel chances are whenever you do use that "spare" it will be the 4th conductor of a "full boat" and you still only have 3 CCC's.
 

AC\DC

Senior Member
Location
Florence,Oregon,Lane
Occupation
EC
I understand the arguement that if you don't know how to identify a mwbc or a grounded conductor being used as an ungrounded conductor you shouldn't be in the panel to begin with. I used to agree 100%

But the reality is that there are plenty of licensed persons that have no idea what they're doing. I constantly see undersized conductors, lack of grounding and bonding, lack of understanding grounding electrodes, equipment grounding conductors, grounded conductors. It's overly concerning. And that's why identifying these circuits is important. Whether it's a multi pole breaker for mwbc or reidentifying the grounded conductor. It's not that big of a deal and it is code. Residentially I figure if it has a date on the romex, it needs to have a handle tie by code. Previous to it being in the code, it's the contractors choice
If there that many issue then those people are not qualified and should get trained or not allow to do electrical work.
 

jmellc

Senior Member
Location
Durham, NC
Occupation
Facility Maintenance Tech. Licensed Electrician
I've done MWBC's but I never liked them. I've seen a few items get burned up by losing the neutral in a circuit. I've seen junction boxes crammed full of 6, 9, or 12 circuits and all markers lost, if they were ever there. A neutral splice sometimes becomes 5 or 6 wires, hard to make a good splice on. Much of this done by people who should know better but working under deadlines or on midnight service calls. What could go wrong?:unsure:
 

kwired

Electron manager
Location
NE Nebraska
Most people, unfortunately, seem to learn mainly by inspectors giving them corrections.
Re-inspection fees is the answer. I know some places don't have them and inspector could potentially return multiple times to reinspect a place. Given a significant fee for reinspection should be enough motivation to get things right the first time, or at least the second time. Here first reinspection fee is $50, second is $100. That should be enough motivation in most cases to at least care about making sure you have done right after at least the first inspection I would think.
 
Location
NE (9.06 miles @5.9 Degrees from Winged Horses)
Occupation
EC - retired
Re-inspection fees is the answer. I know some places don't have them and inspector could potentially return multiple times to reinspect a place. Given a significant fee for reinspection should be enough motivation to get things right the first time, or at least the second time. Here first reinspection fee is $50, second is $100. That should be enough motivation in most cases to at least care about making sure you have done right after at least the first inspection I would think.
I can think of only one written violation for me & that was prior to reinspection fee. No argument, it was a complete miss by me.
Other than that it was a verbal request on occasion. My area inspectors also knew me. A couple for about 30 years.
 

kwired

Electron manager
Location
NE Nebraska
I can think of only one written violation for me & that was prior to reinspection fee. No argument, it was a complete miss by me.
Other than that it was a verbal request on occasion. My area inspectors also knew me. A couple for about 30 years.
They are pretty good at verbal requests with most the contractors, usually is over little things that they know probably isn't too big of a deal yet feel they should still be enforcing it. Or at least until you take on a job in an area you haven't worked in before or occasionally when an inspector is still new at inspecting.

Also pretty much should be there for the inspection or they have little choice but to write up anything they find. I think every correction notice I have had (which still isn't very many) all came from instances I wasn't there for the inspection.

Last summer I had one I couldn't be there (late change for a medical appointment and wasn't going to miss that) and was a little concerned, but that one went ok.
 

don_resqcapt19

Moderator
Staff member
Location
Illinois
Occupation
retired electrician
I've done MWBC's but I never liked them. I've seen a few items get burned up by losing the neutral in a circuit. I've seen junction boxes crammed full of 6, 9, or 12 circuits and all markers lost, if they were ever there. A neutral splice sometimes becomes 5 or 6 wires, hard to make a good splice on. Much of this done by people who should know better but working under deadlines or on midnight service calls. What could go wrong?:unsure:
I have seen a lot more open service neutrals than I have open branch circuit neutrals, and the open service neutral does a lot more damage.
 

kwired

Electron manager
Location
NE Nebraska
I have seen a lot more open service neutrals than I have open branch circuit neutrals, and the open service neutral does a lot more damage.
The service neutral at least will have more potential for some amount of balance, plus will usually have some offset by the grounding electrode system, which very well may make it operate much longer before something has total failure where a branch circuit or feeder doesn't have that second path and results end up being more obvious.
 
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