If emergency electrical feeder run vertically along building exterior wall, to roof before penetrating the roof deck
down to the inside electrical room, does that portion of exterior conduit path need to be protected per NEC 700.10(D)(1)?
IMO, I take the code to apply the fire rating to those conduits and conductors inside a building which meets the occupancies stated, not outside. I'd get an AHJ opinion though.
If you are asking about having a minimum 2 hr fire rating for the raceway on the outside of a building? The fire rating of a building is usually designed for the protection of egress pathways & people inside of the building. The fire rating is the full assembly of floors & ceilings. I would venture to say outside of the building is the exterior of the fire protection and would not need additional means of protection until you penetrate into the structure. I would also expect any of the occupancies noted in NEC 700.10(D)(1) would have engineered documents pertaining to your question.