NEC does allow an EGC to be installed by itself in a raceway. In fact #6 and smaller are required to be protected 250.120C
As #10 is stated as the min size allowed I believe that 517.14 implies that the EGC should be sized per 250.122. Perhaps sized based on the largest OCP device since not installed with a branch circuit of feeder??
517.13 mandates the raceway be metal not necessarily ferrous, and meet the requirements of 250.118 to be considered an EGC
Yes, the raceway is required to be bonded by an approved method for your particular set of circumstances.
The conductor in 517.14 is simply for equipotential of the different systems serving the room, it serves no other purpose really. The EGC's are satisfying 250 and 517 fault clearing purposes. You can read the equipotential requirements in chapter 6 of NFPA 99
Roger