Generally, it depends on the type of insulation system and the type of conduit. The tables are all in Annex C. From a quick look through, it seems to me that you can get 3 #2 wires in a 1.25 inch conduit, for many combinations of insulation and conduit.
But you are talking about a single cable with insulation covering three conductors. That is not covered by the tables. Therefore, what you need to find out is the cross-sectional area of your cable.
Refer to the Chapter 9 Tables, notably Table 1 and its notes (5) and (9).