RADIAL FEED VS LOOP FEED WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE?

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PE (always learning)

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I'm a little confused on the difference between a radial and a loop feed for utility transformers. I can't find good diagrams or explanations on line. Could someone please give me a break down. (pictures are worth a thousand words if you have any one line diagrams)
 
I'm a little confused on the difference between a radial and a loop feed for utility transformers. I can't find good diagrams or explanations on line. Could someone please give me a break down. (pictures are worth a thousand words if you have any one line diagrams)
I think it depends on the context. If you are talking about the transformer itself, a pad for loop feed will have a second set of HV bushings that can be used as a "feed out". On the more macro scale, I think that would refer to lines dead ending, vs a loop or ring topology.
 
Radial feed. (Radiate) think of an octopus’s arms radiating out. So source is octopus, taps to loads are the arms..

loop feed. (Loop)
Think of a simple say five petal flower.
Center is the source.
Taps all go out on the edge of each petal and join at the tips of the flower petal. So you can cut the tip of the flower petal off and still have power to everyone.
 
The transformer has two HV bushings. One use is as a spare. Another is using it as a splice to feed another load. Radial just has one set.

Now if you get fancy run two feeds from the substation. Each transformer feeds through and it’s all interconnected in one big loop. Intersperse reclosers. Now either with relay communication or just some fancy timing on some or just manually leave one recloser open. Think of it as a main-tie-main system. If a fault occurs on the loop first the closest recloser should open first and try to reclose after clearing the fault. In the mean time the next closest recloser that lost power as a result of the recloser that opened also opens. When the tie breaker sees this it closes thus restoring power to all loads except the faulted section. There are many ways to do this but obviously doing it well is fairly complicated. S&C makes sectionalizers that work with the reclosers to extend the isolation with a lower cost option to a recloser. SEL and S&C sell relays with the loop feed logic. SEL makes all their technical papers online for free so I suggest downloading a few.

Either way the downside of a loop feed transformer is it’s a bus bar, not a switch. So for instance if you use it like a terminal block to add another load, if you need to service the second load, both units must be de-energized. A possible way out is elbow connectors because those are mini disconnects where you could just “unplug” the second unit.
 
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