Doing the math on bundling and derating in 310.15(B)(2)(a), and ampacity for 90 degree conductors in Table 310.16 and I discover that we can bundle 4 cables of 14, 12 or 10 and still connect them to 15, 20 or 30 amp breakers. I assume copper conductors.
334.112 requires NM cables to be constructed with 90 degree conductors.
334.80 allows the ampacity of the 90 degree column to be used for ampacity derating provided the final derated ampacity does not exceed the 60 degree column.
310.16 shows an ampacity of 25, 30 and 40 amps respectively for 14, 12 and 10 AWG conductors in the 90 degree column, and 20, 25, and 30 amps in the 60 degree column.
240.4(D) limits general purpose small conductors to 15, 20 and 30 amperes respectively for 15, 12 and 30 AWG conductors after any correction factors for number of conductors has been applied.
Four NM cables have a total of 8 current carrying conductors, and Table 310.15(B)(2)(a) requires we derate to 70 percent.
Seventy percent of 25 is 17.5 amps for the 14 AWG; seventy percent of 30 is 21 amperes for the 12 AWG; and seventy percent of 40 is 28 amperes for the 10 AWG.
Per 240.4:
For the 14 AWG, bundled 4 cables, I am allowed to protect with a 15 amp CB.
For the 12 AWG, bundled 4 cables, I am allowed to protect with a 20 amp CB.
For the 10 AWG, bundled 4 cables, I am allowed to protect with a 25 amp breaker. But wait.
What about 240.4(B)? Assuming my 10 AWG conductors do not supply any multioutlet branch circuits (I typically have only one 30 amp receptacle for my dryer, and a separate 30 amp branch circuit for the water heater), I am allowed to protect my derated conductors with the next standard size of OC device (listed in 240.6). The next size higher than 28 amperes is 30 amperes. I am allowed to protect 10 AWG, bundled 4 cables with a 30 amp breaker.
In sum, I can use the values in 240.4(D) for the CB sizes for NM cables with a maximum of 4 cables bundled together. 14 AWG NM cables go on 15 amp breakers, 12s go on 20s and 10s go on 30s.