I don't know if the code requires a range to be connected with a 4-wire cord. The code requires a new range receptacle to have both a ground and a neutral. When you wire the receptacle to code that forces you to use a 4-wire cord.
If you buy a stove and you have an old 3-wire receptacle it is perfectly legal to use a 3-wire cord. For this purpose there will be a jumper between the neutral and ground.
The range should have three terminals for your two hots and neutral, then a separate terminal or green screw for the ground. I suppose a really old range may not have the ground, but I am more inclined to believe it is missing a neutral terminal.