The transformer-being-fed's secondary is required to have a GES. Tying that GES to the primary's source GES is not prohibited. Granted, it cannot be done in the manner of running an EGC. It must meet the requirements of a GEC or a bonding jumper.
I guess I answered they way I did about the possibility of GEC not being required to be run with the circuit conductors - especially to the source of the feeder because the OP said in post 15:
Feeder is 3-#4/0 in buried PVC conduit 1200' long.
I assume this means feeding a separate building or structure and a GEC would be required but would be run to an electrode located at the separate structure.