No, it is not. Primary side only protection is permitted in the same section [240.21(C)], but only where you have no neutral on the secondary, e.g. a 3Ø three-wire delta output, no center tap; 1Ø two-wire output. 240.21(C) does not limit the number of secondary conductors... but each set or parallel sets must terminate in a single OCPD.
You mean each set must terminate with OCPD, which could be a set of fuses or circuit breakers, or a combination of both. So a single feeder could land on a 400A distribution panel, with (2) 200A breakers, and that could feed the two separate smaller panels. Code compliant, but it sure doesn't make the installation any simpler or easier or cheaper.
This is not NEC compliant.
I think it could be if installed as noted above.
This is NEC compliant, provided each panel has main OCPD.
But it is still subject to the tap rules. If the run isn't outside or under a slab, there would probably be a 25' limit on the run from the xformer to each panelboard main.