What is this picture trying to say

[mbrooke]

Forgive the German- I can translate. But why are they showing electrons on what appears to be large positively charged particles?

The cathode fall area (Figure 3.2.3) extends over a very short length of 0.1 ... 1 μm.
The cathode voltage case U
KF
is usually a few tens of volts and is very strong of
the ionization energy of the cathode material dependent (Table 3.2.2). Because the
Ionization energy of metal particles is significantly lower than that of gas particles, it will
in the ionization zone, primarily the metal vapor from the cathode is ionized. Then sweep
the positive ions and are greatly accelerated in the cathode fall area. They form completely
close to the cathode surface a positive space charge zone. You meet the
On cathode surface, release their kinetic and potential energy and form here below
Temperature increase a focal spot. For carbon electrodes occur in the focal spot
Temperatures between 3000 and 4000 K on, while metal electrodes 3000 K hardly
be crossed, be exceeded, be passed. Under the high temperature of the focal point is again the
Generation of metal vapor.

Under the effect of very high electric field strength caused by positive space charges
is formed, and the high temperature of the focal spot, emerge from the cathode surface
Electrons out the current transfer from the solid metal to the plasma of the arc
guarantee. An extensive electron emission is an important prerequisite for the
Shock and thermal ionization in the ionization zone and in the arc column. The
Current density of the electron emission j
e is in turn primarily of the electrical
Field strength E and the temperature T of the focal spot dependent {j
e = f (E, T)}.
The cathode mechanism is a very complex process that contributes to the stability of the
Arc burning plays a very important role.

Page 36:

https://www.studocu.com/de/document...n/andere/teil-1-vorlesungsskript/1821727/view

 

[sameguy]

?The point at which a carbon arch light flashes over to emit light?

 

[mbrooke]

?The point at which a carbon arch light flashes over to emit light?

But why does the diagram show those circles with pluses? :blink:

 

[sameguy]

Positive Ions, note most are on/at the negative but will be throughout the "gap" between the anode/ cathode.
I'm sure there is more to it; google

 

[ggunn]

But why does the diagram show those circles with pluses? :blink:

If this has anything to do with semiconductors, those are "holes" in the crystalline lattice, i.e., places where electrons could be but aren't because of doping. In an electric field, electrons move one way and holes move the other.

I took a couple of semesters of German in my first college career, but those brain cells met their demise many moons ago. I remember how to say "tonight we are going to the movies" but not much else.

 

[mbrooke]

Positive Ions, note most are on/at the negative but will be throughout the "gap" between the anode/ cathode.
I'm sure there is more to it; google

Ok- my limits in knowledge are showing. :ashamed1:

Do you have a good link?

 

[mbrooke]

If this has anything to do with semiconductors, those are "holes" in the crystalline lattice, i.e., places where electrons could be but aren't because of doping.

I took a couple of semesters of German in my first college career, but those brain cells met their demise many moons ago. I remember how to say "tonight we are going to the movies" but not much else.

But why the positive symbol if they are holes?

 

[ggunn]

But why the positive symbol if they are holes?

It gets pretty technical and math intensive, but simply put, the lack of a negative charge is a positive charge. I know, intuitively it seems like it should be neutral rather than positive, but many things about semiconductors are counterintuitive. The way charges move in a semiconductor, when you have an electron on the left and a hole on the right, if the electron jumps into the hole, the electron has moved to the right and the hole has moved to the left. From there you get into majority and minority charge carriers in different regions because of doping, and then quantum mechanics raises its ugly head...

 

[sameguy]

No links, I would need to google ? Ion movement in a carbon arch?
I think this is about lighting due to the mention of gas; about the 4th sentence and the graph showing? Dotted line the break over voltage for ? Sodium?

 

[mbrooke]

It gets pretty technical and math intensive, but simply put, the lack of a negative charge is a positive charge. I know, intuitively it seems like it should be neutral rather than positive, but many things about semiconductors are counterintuitive. The way charges move in a semiconductor, when you have an electron on the left and a hole on the right, if the electron jumps into the hole, the electron has moved to the right and the hole has moved to the left. From there you get into majority and minority charge carriers in different regions because of doping, and then quantum mechanics raises its ugly head...

I'll take your word for it- but then why is a proton positive?

 

[mbrooke]

No links, I would need to google ? Ion movement in a carbon arch?
I think this is about lighting due to the mention of gas; about the 4th sentence and the graph showing? Dotted line the break over voltage for ? Sodium?

This is what translate gives me:

Figure 3.2.3 The cathode mechanism:
K cathode, A anode; T high temperature of the cathode burn,
E very high electric field strength, U (x) voltage curve in the cathode trap space,
a space charge zone, b ionization zone, c arc column
e electrons, + positive ions, O neutral particles

The voltage drop in the
Anode drop region
that is a bit longer than that
Cathode fall area, most is less than 10 V. The current transfer at the anode
takes place by taking up charged particles, mainly electrons from the plasma
(Collector).
The values ​​of cathode and anode case show only a small
Dependence on the current intensity and exceed in their sum only rarely 20 V.

 

[Adamjamma]

looks like they are talking about the movement inside a CRT... but could be totally wrong

 

[Jraef]

It KIND OF sounds like a very convoluted (typical for Germans) way of describing “hole flow” theory in the anode-cathode relationship of how a semiconductor device, like an SCR, functions as a switch when you add energy into the gate. The use of the term “burn” is incongruent though. Might mean “heat”.

 

[mbrooke]

It KIND OF sounds like a very convoluted (typical for Germans) way of describing “hole flow” theory in the anode-cathode relationship of how a semiconductor device, like an SCR, functions as a switch when you add energy into the gate. The use of the term “burn” is incongruent though. Might mean “heat”.

Thank you- big help- especially with what they were trying to say in the first place.

 

[Fulthrotl]

Forgive the German- I can translate. But why are they showing electrons on what appears to be large positively charged particles?

this actually was the winning play in the 1971 superbowl, Superbowl V.

Anita Bryant sang at the halftime, and it is believed that this had a decisive effect
on the final score.

It was finally settled when Colts rookie kicker Jim O'Brien made a 32-yard field goal with five seconds left in regulation time.

see what happens when you let her sing?
https://youtu.be/9tgBhOSwg-k

 

[ggunn]

this actually was the winning play in the 1971 superbowl, Superbowl V.

Anita Bryant sang at the halftime, and it is believed that this had a decisive effect
on the final score.

It was finally settled when Colts rookie kicker Jim O'Brien made a 32-yard field goal with five seconds left in regulation time.

see what happens when you let her sing?
https://youtu.be/9tgBhOSwg-k


View attachment 21113

Soooo... What happened when Roseanne Barr sang it?

 

[mbrooke]

this actually was the winning play in the 1971 superbowl, Superbowl V.

Anita Bryant sang at the halftime, and it is believed that this had a decisive effect
on the final score.

It was finally settled when Colts rookie kicker Jim O'Brien made a 32-yard field goal with five seconds left in regulation time.

see what happens when you let her sing?
https://youtu.be/9tgBhOSwg-k


View attachment 21113

You know, sometimes I am to smart for my own good! :lol:

 

[romex jockey]

I'll take your word for it- but then why is a proton positive?

https://youtu.be/3GpDkP_5MWs


quarks.....strings.....?

~RJ~

 

[mbrooke]

https://youtu.be/3GpDkP_5MWs


quarks.....strings.....?

~RJ~

Anyone know if this effects electricity in any way? I'm so confused :?

 

[__dan]

Anyone know if this effects electricity in any way? I'm so confused :?

As far as I know there is no proton destruction. So the stability of the atom or the proton is not affected. Same for the electron, as far as I know it has never been subdivided into smaller particles or a model of smaller particles.

The arc would only show valence shell effects of stripping an electron from the outer valence shell. Although I have heard that in electric arcs it is possible to strip or pop and free a neutron from the atom, so no transmutation, but a change in the isotope ratio. Arcs can be neutron generators but they are not showing that in the picture.

I have not seen that sort of description before. The 'a b c' zones appear to be in the space or gap between the electrodes. So 'a b c' is all plasma and they are showing different zones where electrons are separate from the (hot gas) atoms.

Zone a, positive ions in the plasma gas are trying to return to the cathode because of the external electric field, zone b is showing some recombination of the hot gas atomic ion with the nearby electron creating a hot neutral particle (I guess they hang in zone b because the external electric field has no effect on the neutral particle). Zone c is showing the plasma that did not recombine in zone b and continues to the anode as separate ions and electrons. Why the oppositely charged particles in zone c would travel in the same direction is not clear to me.