Within the context of the NEC, cable trays are not raceways.
For cable 0-2000V, the ampacity is calculated per Section 392.11. In general, 310.15(B)(2)(a) will only apply to multi-conductor cables with four or more current carrying conductors.
Beyond the factors you have already clarified, the conductor layout within the tray, the tray?s ventilation method (if any) and whether the cables are single or multi conductor are also relevant. As always, ambient temperature is also relevant.
Cable layout is often a critical issue and easily overlooked. Section 392.11 assumes the conductors are installed per Sections 392.9 or 392.10, whichever is appropriate.