NEC Section 440.34

Grouch

Senior Member
Location
New York, NY
Article 440 cover the branch circuits for AC units. I'm looking at an old Mike Holt book, Electrician's Exam Preparation.. 1999 version, reviewing calculations.

I attached a picture of one of the pages. Where I circled in red, how come it references section 440.34 to size the AC unit feeder, when article 440 is for AC unit branch circuits only?

image0.jpeg
 
Section 440.34 seems to be out of place... as in it doesn't belong in Article 440. If you're feeding AC units and other loads from Article 220, this wouldn't be a branch circuit, but a feeder going to a panel serving the AC unit and Article 220 loads.
 
When doing a article 220 general load calc for a feeder Article 220 references 440 part IV in my 2023 NEC its 220.50(B).
in part IV of 440 the section that applies to "conductors supplying a motor compressor in addition to other loads" AKA a feeder is 440.34;
440.34 then directs you to use either 440.33 or 440.32 as applicable.
You sum the Rated Load Amps (RLA) of each hermetic compressor,
Full load Amps (FLA) of each fan motor and all other motors
and add 25% of the largest motor or motor compressor on the feeder.
So if you had 10 AC units on a feeder of equal size you'd only add 25% of one compressor.
Article 440 cover the branch circuits for AC units. I'm looking at an old Mike Holt book, Electrician's Exam Preparation.. 1999 version, reviewing calculations.
In 1999 NEC it would have been 220-14
Note none of the optional calcs don't it that way, just the general, the optional calcs just take the 100% of the load or Rated load Amps (RLA) + Full load Amps (FLA).
 
But in the 2020 NEC, section 440.34 is still the same... it falls under Part IV: Branch-Circuit Conductors. 440.34 is for sizing conductors feeding AC loads plus article 220 loads plus loads from any other applicable articles. How is this a branch circuit? This sounds like a feeder.
 
But in the 2020 NEC, section 440.34 is still the same... it falls under Part IV: Branch-Circuit Conductors. 440.34 is for sizing conductors feeding AC loads plus article 220 loads plus loads from any other applicable articles. How is this a branch circuit? This sounds like a feeder.
Yeah I agree the code section in 440 Part IV on how service and article 220 part III or IV feeder and service loads are calculated needs some work.
but more so how manufacturers of HVAC equipment show the real full load amps (FLA) on cut sheets needs improvement.
With respect to 440.34 branch circuit conductors supplying a outdoor compressor with field modifications or add on's such as a outdoor compressor, that also powers a condensate pump and a defrost-heat strip fall under 440.34.
There is no blanket requirement for a HVAC system to be UL listed or preserve the listing a tech is permitted to mix and match components as long as they relabel the machine per 440.4 ( the manufacturers Minimum Circuit Ampacity (MCA) would be void ). Manufacturers need to itemize each component of the system that uses 1 amp or more on their nameplate;
fan FLA compressor RLA, heat strip amps etc.
So if you a different component you can recalculate MCA.

Often I have to dive into technical manuals to get the real load (RLA and FLA) I'd say 99% of people doing calculations are using the MCA and that works for small facilities >5000 SQFT.
However if you use MCA for say 10 of the same unit your including the extra 25% of 9 motors unnecessarily, so the error gets bigger the larger the service.
I have also herd an argument on here that 440.35 *requires* the use of the MCA ampacity value as a input to the general feeder or service calc, my interpretation of 440.35 with respect to 220.50(B) is that the computed size of feeder conductors themselves cannot be smaller than the MCA, but the MCA value is not a correct input to a article 220 part III or IV calculation.
 
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Yeah I agree the code section in 440 Part IV on how service and article 220 part III or IV feeder and service loads are calculated needs some work.
Not sure I follow. You're saying that 440.34 needs improvement on how its written? So is it for branch circuits or feeders? If it's for branch circuits, how does a branch circuit feed AC, lighting and other loads?
but more so how manufacturers of HVAC equipment show the real full load amps (FLA) on cut sheets needs improvement.
Agreed on that. Mitsubishi only gives you MCA. They tell me to calculate FLA by multiplying MCA by 0.8. I find that inaccurate. Why can't I get the true FLA number for my load calculations.
 
This came up in another thread. Read post #26:

I don't understand 440.34. Why is it in Part 4 for branch circuit conductors?
 
So is it for branch circuits or feeders?
220.50(B) is in part III of 220 "service and feeder calculations" and it says to use part IV of article 440 conductor sizing requirements to determine the loads for the feeder.
220 part III is using the values from 440.34 in part IV of 440. So 220 is modifying 440 part IV in a sense, especially 440.32 where it uses 'branch circuit conductors' in the rare case you have a feeder or service with only a single motor-compressor load.
If it's for branch circuits, how does a branch circuit feed AC, lighting and other loads?
A packaged HVAC system could have field installed electric resistance heat strips and a fan motor. A tech can interchange with components of different values and this could all be on 'one branch circuit'.
Mitsubishi only gives you MCA. They tell me to calculate FLA by multiplying MCA by 0.8. I find that inaccurate.

Well the NEC 440 and UL 1995 Clause 44.3 requires the equipment to be 'plainly marked', in a permanent manner, with the following:
a) The manufacturer's or private labeler's name, trademark, tradename, or other identifying
symbol;
b) The catalogue number, style, model, or other type designation;
c) Voltage;
d) Number of phases, unless for single-phase operation;
e) Frequency in hertz;
f) The horsepower (see Clause 44.17) and full load amperes (FLA) of each motor, except for hermetically sealed compressor motors, which shall be rated in locked rotor and rated load amperes (RLA) (see Clause 44.10), and motors smaller than 1/8 horsepower, which may be rated in watts or amperes;
( there are exceptions for VFD motors that allow Maximum Operating Current (MOC) )
g) Heater input amperes or watts at marked voltage. See also Clause 44.3(t) for separable heater element assemblies
 
220.50(B) is in part III of 220 "service and feeder calculations" and it says to use part IV of article 440 conductor sizing requirements to determine the loads for the feeder.
220 part III is using the values from 440.34 in part IV of 440. So 220 is modifying 440 part IV in a sense, especially 440.32 where it uses 'branch circuit conductors' in the rare case you have a feeder or service with only a single motor-compressor load.
oh my.

Thanks! The only thing is that I don't see a section 220.50(B), in any of the NEC versions that I have.
A packaged HVAC system could have field installed electric resistance heat strips and a fan motor. A tech can interchange with components of different values and this could all be on 'one branch circuit'.
Thanks!
 
I'm on the 2008 version. I'm in NYC. But I have copies of the 2017 and 2020 NEC. Neither has section 220.50(B). Was it added in the 2023 version to help clarify this?
 
I'm on the 2008 version. I'm in NYC. But I have copies of the 2017 and 2020 NEC. Neither has section 220.50(B). Was it added in the 2023 version to help clarify this?
Or was 220.50(B) in a different section in these prior code versions up to the 2023 edition? I flipped around them but could not find a similar section.
 
Ahh yes my 2017 version has:
220.50 Motors. Motor loads shall be calculated in accordance
with 430.24, 430.25, and 430.26 and with 440.6 for hermetic
refrigerant motor-compressors.

Its just a reference to 440.6 which requires the ampacity of conductors and rating of equipment to be determined
according to 440.6(A) and 440.6(B):

(A) Hermetic Refrigerant Motor-Compressor. For a hermetic
refrigerant motor-compressor, the rated-load current (RLA) marked on
the nameplate of the equipment in which the motor-compressor
is employed shall be used...
(B) Multimotor Equipment. For multimotor equipment employing a shaded-pole
or permanent split-capacitor-type fan or blower motor, the full-load current (FLA) for such motor
marked on the nameplate of the equipment in which the fan or blower motor
is employed shall be used instead of the horsepower rating to
determine the ampacity or rating ...
So for a ductless heatpump I itemize the individual loads on the unit
RLA of the compressor,
FLA of the compressor fan,
FLA off indoor unit fan,
and 220.51 would cover any resistance heating loads such as a block warmer
etc..
like on a larger packaged system.
If the HVAC is the only motor loads the heatpump is still a motor and 430.24 would require 25% of the largest motor one time.
At least thats the way i did it.

If we had 20 of the same ductless heat pump on a service using RLA and FLA we only add 25% of the largest hermetic refrigerant motor-compressor one time, if we used MCA we would be adding that 25% 19 extra times.
Using the easy to get MCA number two times not a big deal, but on a bigger calc you could easily be quite a bit off whats required and also for energy and utility load calcs I still need the real load of the system (RLA and FLA) so adding up a 20 MCA's does not really help at all.
Hope this helps
Cheers
 
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Effectively the requirements are the same, they just edited the text.
the 2017 version I have says
440.34 Combination Load. Conductors supplying a motor-
compressor load in addition to other load(s) as calculated from
Article 220 and other applicable articles shall have an ampacity
sufficient for the other load(s) plus the required ampacity for the
motor-compressor load determined in accordance with 440.33
or, for a single motor-compressor, in accordance with 440.32.
 
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