131009-2343 EDT
SG-1:
Any normal 10x probe itself is probably good for 1000 V or higher without damage. A typical analog Tektronix scope is 5 V/cm, and +/- 4 cm, or +/- 20 V full scale. But the amplifiers do not saturate at full scale but somewhat higher. Then there is an adjustment pot to lower the sensitivity. So one can display a waveform considerably above +/-200 V with a 10x probe, If there was voltage breakdown in the probe, then the probe would be destroyed.
The distorted waveform is not what is expected from amplifier saturation, and saturation is off screen anyway. It would likely be flat topped from amplifier saturation.
Whatever is the cause of the waveform distortion, it is not something normally expected. A mirror image in the time base and it would look like a bridge rectifier connected to a capacitor input filter with a resistive load.
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