The code does not require all equipment to be listed.
I don't know what you mean by unguarded terminal blocks. Most terminal blocks these days are more or less finger safe and are inherently guarded because of that. It's probably true they should be in a box rather than bolted to the wall but that's a different issue.
As far as spliced wires laying on the floor, I suppose that's a trip hazard, but it doesn't seem to me to be any worse than unspliced wires laying on the floor. Presumably at some point the wires laying on the floor and get moved so they're not on the floor anymore.
If there are actual real issues of safety, perhaps you should approach the professor of this class in a very respectful manner and point them out. It seems to me you just want to complain about some unlicensed guy doing electrical work.