Not in NJ. The permit application very clearly delineates whether or not you are doing the work as a homeowner. An EC doing the work has to fill out the technical section and apply his pressure seal to it. That should make it easy to find out who's "renting" their license, as the pressure seal has your license number on it.
I'm not sure I agree with all you've said here. If a NJ EC fills out an electrical permit in NJ but doesn't fill in his info or seal the permit, the HO takes full responsibility for the electrical work if he/she files as a HO. All the electrical work will be inspected by the municipality and the HO has the onus to correct it if there are any violations (as far as the bldg. dept. is concerned). By the same token, if the EC then comes in and does the electrical work for the HO, and if there's a fire or injury caused by the electrical work the EC will get sued by the HO. The first thing the EC's insurance Co will ask is "did you file for a permit?" If not, he gets sued personally.
Contracting for electrical work with the public and performing electrical work without a license in NJ is a 4th degree felony and a $1000 fine
FIRST OFFENSE. Subsequent offenses could result in jail time. That said, as Infinity pointed out, enforcement costs $$$. Unless a hack has performed such a flagrant offense that would require the DCA or the Licensing Board to get involved, many smaller jobs go unnoticed. Also, by the same token, if a NJ EC is continually called before the Licensing Board for performing poor or dangerous electrical work (based on complaints by the public), he/she will also get fined, and/or have their licenses suspended or revoked.