I did read your examples. For the first example, I also consider myself qualified enough to recognize that the situation was ridiculous. I strongly believe that not upsizing the EGC when the breaker was dialed down to 150 amps would not create a safety hazard. It would, however, create an undesirable opportunity for confusion (e.g., Who made this decision? Did he make an error? Why did he do that? Is this really code-compliant? Do we need to fix this?).
Could I make that call? Yes. Would I make that call? No, at least not without leaving something on the record as justification that future reviewers could evaluate for themselves. And that "something" would have to be stronger than, "Trust me, I know what I am doing."