517.13 requires the branch circuit to provide redundant grounding.
By definition a branch circuit originates at the overcurrent device so your 250.118 acceptable raceway would need to extend back to the panel with the branch circuit overcurrent device, IMO.
I will attempt to further explain what Gus said.
NEC doesn't use the term redundant grounding - that is more of a field slang term used to describe what is required by 517.13.
What it does require is much more wordy.
We must use a wiring method that in itself qualifies as an equipment grounding conductor such as metal raceways or metal sheathed cables (but standard MC doesn't qualify, the type with the bare aluminum bond wire inside does).
We must also use an insulated wire type equipment grounding conductor. By having requirement to have two types of equipment grounding used we get the "redundant" grounding as it is often called.
This applies to branch circuits, and the entire branch circuit not just what is in the patient vicinity, but does not apply to feeders.